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Building Systems > PDX_24_Lighting 2 > Flashcards

PDX_24_Lighting 2 Flashcards

0
Q

A light source in the field of vision

That causes interference/distractions with a visual task

A

Direct glare

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1
Q

Extreme contrast in late

difference in brightness levels

A

Glare

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2
Q

Zone for direct glare is the area above 45° angle from the light source

A

Critical glare

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3
Q

Or like tours is reflected from a viewing service into the high and interferes with the viewing task

A

Reflective glare

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4
Q

Annoying pain caused by high luminance is in a field of view (most common cause our windows and luminaires)

A

Discomfort glare

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5
Q

Flexion which partially or totally scares the details to be seen by reducing contrast. The common problem with specular surfaces.

A

Veiling reflection

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6
Q

The rating that indicates the percentage of people that will find the given discomfort glare acceptable. 70% is the minimum, else it’s time to fix it.

A

Visual comfort probability (VCP)

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7
Q

The amount of light produced versus the power input (lumens/watt)

A

Efficacy

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8
Q

Ratio of indoor illuminance to available outdoor luminance

A

Daylight factor (DF)

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9
Q

The light reflected from exterior obstruction excluding the ground reflected light

A

Externally reflected components (ERC)

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10
Q

Product of visible transmittance multiplied by the window to wall ratio. An EA of .20-.30 provides good day lighting.

A

Effective aperture (EA)

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11
Q

Set minimum standards for energy efficiency on incandescent and fluorescent lighting

Insert date!

A

Energy policy act (EPACT)

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12
Q

Daylighting analysis method that produces a family of daylight factor contours with in a room rather than individual daylight factors at specific points

A

Graphic day lighting design method (G DDM)

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13
Q

Device for giving light

A

Lamp

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14
Q

A complete light fixture including lamps

A

Luminaire

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15
Q

Overhang that’s exterior, interior, or both, used with the clerestory to reflect light up on to the ceiling and reduce direct flight adjacent to the window

A

Light shelf

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16
Q

0.2 x (window head height into room)

A

Daylight factor

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17
Q
  1. 5 x (window head height into room)

2. 0 x (window head height into room with light shelf)

A

Effective daylight zone

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18
Q

2.5 x the head height of the window (head height of the window above the desk playing)

A

Workplane daylight illuminance

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19
Q

Electric lighting in non-residential buildings uses approximately this percentage of total electric energy

A

25%-60%

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20
Q

The greatest challenge and lighting a commercial office space is providing adequate lighting for very visual tasks while,

A

Avoiding glare.

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21
Q

Number used when estimating the maximum Energy used per square feet

A

2.3 W per square foot

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22
Q

“When they have a choice, people will always gravitate to those rooms which have light on two sides”

A

Christopher Alexander’s “pattern language”

Also termed ‘bilateral light’

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23
Q

Daylighting qualifies for a lead credit if a day late factor of __% in __% of all occupied spaces is achieved.

A

Daylight factor of 2% in 75% of all occupied spaces

24
Q

Acceptable daylighting factor for typical office work

A

1.5-2.5%

25
Q

Acceptable daylighting factor for reading/Handwork

A

2.5-4.0%

26
Q

Acceptable daylighting factor for drafting/fine Handwork

A

4.0-8.0%

27
Q

The standards sky design condition established by the Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE) for daylight and calculations is:

A

Completely overcast sky

28
Q

At a solar altitude of 30°, one can expect at daylight illuminance of about __lux with no direct sun and __lux with direct sun.

A

10,000 lux with is no direct sun, and 40,000 lux with direct sun

29
Q

The skylights allow glass to face north for illumination not south for solar heat gain

A

Sawtooth skylights

30
Q

Recommended horizontal to vertical aluminates ratio for general diffuse light is:

A

2.5:1

31
Q

In general with his side lighting system any interior area more than __ feet from a window will need to be electrically lit.

A

More than 30 feet from a window

32
Q

Incandescent bulbs have this type of filament

A

Tungsten

33
Q

A tungsten filament is placed within a sealed bulb containing

A

An inert gas

34
Q

Incandescent bulbs produce about this much waste because of heat production

A

90% waste

And have a short lamp life

35
Q

Incandescent bulbs have a short lamp life of about

A

700–1000 hours

36
Q

This bulb family contains an inert gas AND halogen. Uses a fused quartz envelope that allows for higher temperature. A chemical reaction takes place pulling the tungsten from the wall of the glass back to the filament, extending its life.

A

Tungsten halogen incandescent bulb

37
Q

Glass tube holds mixture of inert gas and low-pressure mercury vapor. Uses a ballast to supply proper starting and operating voltages, limiting the current.
Advantages are high efficacy, about 80 lm per watt, low initial cost, long life, and dimmable.

A

Fluorescent bulb

38
Q

In fluorescent bulbs, there are classes denoting noise and heat ranging from:

A

Class A is good for quiet areas and

Class F is acceptable for noisy areas

39
Q

A lamp within a lamp that runs at a very high voltage. An electrical arc is struck across tungsten electrodes in a glass tube filled with gas and metals. Metals produce the light once they are heated to a point of evaporation.

Disadvantage is that they produce a light that is not flattering to human skin, so not used for commercial/retail/residential applications.

A

High intensity discharge (HID)

40
Q

Strands of glass about the diameter of a human hair. Hundreds/thousands bundled into cables. Transmit light signals over long distances.

A

Fiber optics

41
Q

Set minimum standards for energy efficiency on incandescent and fluorescent lighting.

A

Energy policy act (EPACT)

42
Q

90-100%light output directed to ceiling and upper walls. Has to bounce off for horizontal plane. 12-18 inches from ceiling minimum. Uniform lighting, lack shadows, Low brightness, and highly diffuse.

A

Indirect

Offices, lounges, waiting areas

43
Q

60–90% directed upward.
10% – 40% directed downward.
Monotonous system.

A

Semi indirect

Offices, lounges, waiting rooms, corridor

44
Q

Equal distribution up and down.
12” minimum from ceiling.
Efficient system

A

Diffuse/direct – indirect

Get for classrooms, standard office workspaces, merchandising areas

45
Q

60–90% directed downward
10–40% directed upward.
Inherently efficient, shadowing minimized, pleasant.

A

Semi direct

Offices, classrooms, shops, working areas

46
Q

Light directed downward. Ceiling illumination floor and furnishing reflection. Low surface illumination, typically requires perimeter lighting. Sharp, theatrical atmosphere.

A

Direct

Highlights, local, supplemental lighting, and privacy atmosphere if concentrated

47
Q

Most commonly used for residential and commercial. And ceilings where not sufficient space above ceiling to recess, and existing ceilings.

A

Surface mounted

48
Q

Residential /commercial. Includes luminist ceiling when entire ceiling is made of lighting.

A

Recessed fixtures

49
Q

Dropped below level of ceilings, hanging.

Used for indirect systems and where light sources need to be closer to task area.

A

Suspended fixtures

50
Q

Typical efficacy:

Incandescent

A

12 lumens/watt

51
Q

Typical efficacy:

Fluorescent

A

55 lumens/ watt

52
Q

Typical efficacy:

Metal halide

A

90 lumens/ watt

Good for libraries

53
Q

Typical efficacy:

High-pressure sodium

A

90 lm/watt

Streetlights

54
Q

Typical efficacy:

Sunlight

A

115 lm/watt

55
Q

Minimum lighting level required at emergency area

A

One footcandle at floor level

Illuminated exit signs are required

56
Q

The shield of metal, wood or plastic used to screen a light source from normal ankles viewing.

A

Baffle

57
Q

The device used in fluorescent and H ID luminaries. Supply controlled voltage to heat lamp filaments in preheat and rapid start circuits. Limit the lamp current wants the lamp is started.

A

Ballast

Building Systems (37 decks)

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