PDX_17_Hvac Building Systems Vocab Flashcards by Dickinson Donner

Delivers heated or cooled air or water to necessary zones

Distribution system

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Equipment that creates warm or cool air, typically in mech room

Plant

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Vary depending type / use of bldg

Example: each story, offices versus apartments, commercial versus recreational spaces

Zones

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Heating device, arranged to deliver heat through the air

Convector

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Space above suspended ceiling used to convey return air

Plenum

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Alternative to chilled water systems in HVAC, used to cool air containing water vapor. A refrigerant is used to remove sensible/latent heat from the air

DX (direct expansion)

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Transfer heat from one flew to another,

fluids physically separated

Heat exchanger

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Treating of air it an occupied space to control its temperature, humidity, and cleanliness

Air-conditioning

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Cooling system provides refrigerated air using solar radiation as prime source of energy

Solar air-conditioning

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Substance used in the heat cycle usually including a reversible phase transition from a liquid to a gas

Refrigerant

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A family of several CFC gases used in the refrigeration cycle

Freon

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The part of a refrigeration system in which the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat from the medium to be cooled

Evaporator

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Movement of a fluid by a fan or punk in order to force heat exchange

Forced convection

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A heat exchanger in which refrigerant vapor is condensed, or liquefied, releasing heat to external medium

Condenser

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The velocity of air in an enclosed space measured in feet per minute

Air movement

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The heat rejection device which extract waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Often found on the roof.

Cooling tower

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Used in a hot climate with high cooling demands

Chiller

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Floor of air through a flue or chimney

draft

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A duct for smoke and waste gases produced by a fire, gas heater, power station or other fuel burning installation

Flue

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A balanced air valve positions to admit air to the flu or stack of a furnace in order to maintain a constant amount of draft

Barometric damper

Or draft regulator

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Valve which permits passage of air or water, but not steam, often used with steam radiators

Steam trap

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Adding of sensible heat to a supply air stream which has been previously cooled

Reheat

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A ventilation system that consists of air intakes, filters, fans, electric heating coils, connected ductwork/components, fire/control dampers, electric reheat boxes, airports, and control systems. Can also include DX or chilled water cooling coil, refrigerant storage, and pump systems.

Air handling unit (AHU)

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A unitless number that is a rating of the efficiency of heating or cooling equipment

Coefficient of performance (COP)

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Ratio of net cooling capacity in BTU H to the total rate of electrical and put in Watts, under designated operating conditions

Energy efficiency ratio (EER)

Standardized system for rating the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Scores between 0-100 and indicates the relative energy efficiency compared to a HERS efficient home.

Home energy rating system (HERS)

Single number figure of merit based on part load EER or COP expressing part load efficiency for air conditioning and heat pump equipment

Integrated part load value (IPLV)

Computer-based integrated system used to monitor and control building systems

Building automation system (BAS)

This fuel type is easy to install and control, simple operation, flexible zoning, little space required but most expensive type, especially high for heating loads.

Electricity 95–100% efficiency 3, 413 BTU/kWh

This fuel type is 95–100% efficient, and has a heating value of 3413 BTU/kWh

Electricity

This fuel type is portable, good for remote areas. It's not as clean burning natural gas.

Propane

This fuel type is 70–90% efficient, and produces a heating value of 2500 BTU/ft³:

Propane

This fuel type is the most efficient fossil fuel and clean burning but can't be used in remote areas.

Natural gas

This fuel type is 70–80% efficient and produces a heating value of 1050 BTU/ft.³

Natural gas

This fuel type is portable and storable but has a wide price fluctuation and burning equipment needs lots of maintenance. It must also be stored securely.

No.2 Oil

This fuel type is 65-85% efficient and produces a heating value of 137,000-141,000 BTU/gallon

No. 2 Oil

This fuel type is 65 - 75% efficient and has a heating value of 12,910 BTU/lb

Anthracite coal

Furnace and boiler both have typical efficiency of

80%

Water paternally fills a barrel with the small volume left above to commentate steam, used in early all steam locomotives, Laredo steam production but high steam storage capacity. Mostly burns solid fuels but can burn liquid or gas

Fire tube boilers

Water tubes are arranged inside a furnace. Gives heisting production rates but less storage capacity. Generally preferred in high-pressure application since I pressure water/team is contained within small diameter pipes

Water tube boiler

Packaged boiler system that operate in parallel or series to provide varying amounts of steam. Typically most efficient when run at full capacity.

Modular boiler

Comes in a complete package, requires only the steam, water, paperwork, fuel supply and electrical connection.

Packaged type boiler

Steam is generated using electricity rather than the combustion of a fuel. More expensive than gas run boilers are simple and easy to use

Electric boiler

Cooling systems can be operated by child air or water produced by:

Compressive refrigeration, Absorption, Or evaporative cooling

Refrigerant types: These are being phased out because they deplete the ozone layer

Fluorocarbons, | especially chlorofluorocarbons.

Refrigerant types:

Fluorocarbons. Ammonia. Sulfur dioxide. Non-halogenated hydrocarbons.

Refrigerant types: Non--CFC refrigerants may be

Less effective and involve a higher energy cost

This cooling system is based on the transfer of heat during the liquefication and evaporation of a refrigerant. Latent heat is released as refrigerant changes form.

Compressive refrigeration

In the compressive refrigeration process the evaporator serves this role

Expanse refrigerant, vaporizes back to gas absorbing surrounding heat

This refrigeration type is produced in a closed loop system by a salt solution that draws vapor from the evaporator. It's less efficient than compressive systems and needs about two times the heat rejection capacity of the compressive cycle.

Refrigeration by absorption

This refrigeration tight uses water dropped over pads or tubes that circulate outdoor air or water. works well in hot air and climates with low humidity. Simple to construct, requires no refrigerant line.

Evaporative cooling (swamp cooler)

Most simple type of system, is self-contained unit that passes non-ducted air to be cooled over the evaporator and back into the room. Uses outdoor air directly and typically placed on exterior walls or roof mounted.

Direct expansion (DX) system

The most simple forced air system. Only works when loads are similar to a building, and bad for perimeter zones in cold climates.

Single duct

This forced air system is good for perimeter zones and can heat and cool at the same time. It needs twice as much ductwork and the boiler in chiller have to run all the time,equaling the most consuming system. Common in hospitals. Mixing box located at each room with thermostat.

Double duct or Dual duct or High velocity

This forced air system is not as efficient with many zones or non-square buildings. Mixing box is located in the mechanical room.

Multizone forced air system

This forced hot air system can heat and cool different zones at the same time and is the most common inefficient system. Saves energy because it doesn't have to run at peak all the time. Thermostat controls a damper in each zone to adjust the volume of conditioned air entering that space. Requires a lot of interstitial space. cannot heat and cool different rooms in the same zone at the same time.

Variable air volume system

This forced hot air system is self-contained, used one ducks are impractical to run, and each unit can have its own utility bill. The units you see in big box stores.

Unitary forced hot air system

In this forced hot air system return air and fresh outside air are combined and cooled and dehumidified. Ducts are smaller and fan horsepower is lower. Inefficient because first cools and then heats air, but can have an economizer cycle where outside air is used directly when temps are low enough.

Reheat (constant volume)

In this forced hot air system, high pressure and velocity to each induction unit. Ducts are smaller, works best in perimeter rooms of multi story buildings.

Induction unit

Most simple hydronic system, has low initial cost and is simple. Can't go very far because water temperatures drop and can only heat/cool at one time. Can be combined with a forced air system.

Hydronic single pipe

This hydronic system separates the supply and return, so that the radiators are running in series and not parallel.

Hydronic two pipe

This hydronic system incorporates a separated hot and cold pipe, so can cool and heat at the same time. More piping is required.

Hydronic three pipe

Hydronic system has a separated hot and cold, and separated returns, giving it the most expensive typing but efficient performance and can heat and cool at the same time.

Hydronic four pipe

This combined system is one of the most efficient, provides heating and cooling simultaneously. High initial cost because plumbing and ductwork. Can just be used for ventilation without heating and cooling.

Fan coil system

This combined system has good efficiency, reduces ductwork, and returns over 200% it's electrical input when outdoor temperatures above freezing. Each zone has its own heat pump and fan. Pump either lose heat some water and blows it into a room, or removes heat from room and into the water.

Heat pump system