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Building Systems > PDX_17_Hvac Building Systems Vocab > Flashcards

PDX_17_Hvac Building Systems Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Delivers heated or cooled air or water to necessary zones

A

Distribution system

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1
Q

Equipment that creates warm or cool air, typically in mech room

A

Plant

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2
Q

Vary depending type / use of bldg

Example: each story, offices versus apartments, commercial versus recreational spaces

A

Zones

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3
Q

Heating device, arranged to deliver heat through the air

A

Convector

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5
Q

Space above suspended ceiling used to convey return air

A

Plenum

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6
Q

Alternative to chilled water systems in HVAC, used to cool air containing water vapor. A refrigerant is used to remove sensible/latent heat from the air

A

DX (direct expansion)

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7
Q

Transfer heat from one flew to another,

fluids physically separated

A

Heat exchanger

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7
Q

Treating of air it an occupied space to control its temperature, humidity, and cleanliness

A

Air-conditioning

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8
Q

Cooling system provides refrigerated air using solar radiation as prime source of energy

A

Solar air-conditioning

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9
Q

Substance used in the heat cycle usually including a reversible phase transition from a liquid to a gas

A

Refrigerant

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10
Q

A family of several CFC gases used in the refrigeration cycle

A

Freon

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11
Q

The part of a refrigeration system in which the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat from the medium to be cooled

A

Evaporator

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12
Q

Movement of a fluid by a fan or punk in order to force heat exchange

A

Forced convection

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13
Q

A heat exchanger in which refrigerant vapor is condensed, or liquefied, releasing heat to external medium

A

Condenser

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14
Q

The velocity of air in an enclosed space measured in feet per minute

A

Air movement

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15
Q

The heat rejection device which extract waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Often found on the roof.

A

Cooling tower

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16
Q

Used in a hot climate with high cooling demands

A

Chiller

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17
Q

Floor of air through a flue or chimney

A

draft

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18
Q

A duct for smoke and waste gases produced by a fire, gas heater, power station or other fuel burning installation

A

Flue

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19
Q

A balanced air valve positions to admit air to the flu or stack of a furnace in order to maintain a constant amount of draft

A

Barometric damper

Or draft regulator

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20
Q

Valve which permits passage of air or water, but not steam, often used with steam radiators

A

Steam trap

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21
Q

Adding of sensible heat to a supply air stream which has been previously cooled

A

Reheat

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22
Q

A ventilation system that consists of air intakes, filters, fans, electric heating coils, connected ductwork/components, fire/control dampers, electric reheat boxes, airports, and control systems. Can also include DX or chilled water cooling coil, refrigerant storage, and pump systems.

A

Air handling unit (AHU)

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23
Q

A unitless number that is a rating of the efficiency of heating or cooling equipment

A

Coefficient of performance (COP)

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24
Q

Ratio of net cooling capacity in BTU H to the total rate of electrical and put in Watts, under designated operating conditions

A

Energy efficiency ratio (EER)

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25
Q

Standardized system for rating the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Scores between 0-100 and indicates the relative energy efficiency compared to a HERS efficient home.

A

Home energy rating system (HERS)

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26
Q

Single number figure of merit based on part load EER or COP expressing part load efficiency for air conditioning and heat pump equipment

A

Integrated part load value (IPLV)

27
Q

Computer-based integrated system used to monitor and control building systems

A

Building automation system (BAS)

28
Q

This fuel type is easy to install and control, simple operation, flexible zoning, little space required but most expensive type, especially high for heating loads.

A

Electricity

95–100% efficiency
3, 413 BTU/kWh

29
Q

This fuel type is 95–100% efficient, and has a heating value of 3413 BTU/kWh

A

Electricity

30
Q

This fuel type is portable, good for remote areas. It’s not as clean burning natural gas.

A

Propane

31
Q

This fuel type is 70–90% efficient, and produces a heating value of 2500 BTU/ft³:

A

Propane

32
Q

This fuel type is the most efficient fossil fuel and clean burning but can’t be used in remote areas.

A

Natural gas

33
Q

This fuel type is 70–80% efficient and produces a heating value of 1050 BTU/ft.³

A

Natural gas

34
Q

This fuel type is portable and storable but has a wide price fluctuation and burning equipment needs lots of maintenance. It must also be stored securely.

A

No.2 Oil

35
Q

This fuel type is 65-85% efficient and produces a heating value of 137,000-141,000 BTU/gallon

A

No. 2 Oil

36
Q

This fuel type is 65 - 75% efficient and has a heating value of 12,910 BTU/lb

A

Anthracite coal

37
Q

Furnace and boiler both have typical efficiency of

A

80%

38
Q

Water paternally fills a barrel with the small volume left above to commentate steam, used in early all steam locomotives, Laredo steam production but high steam storage capacity. Mostly burns solid fuels but can burn liquid or gas

A

Fire tube boilers

39
Q

Water tubes are arranged inside a furnace. Gives heisting production rates but less storage capacity. Generally preferred in high-pressure application since I pressure water/team is contained within small diameter pipes

A

Water tube boiler

40
Q

Packaged boiler system that operate in parallel or series to provide varying amounts of steam. Typically most efficient when run at full capacity.

A

Modular boiler

41
Q

Comes in a complete package, requires only the steam, water, paperwork, fuel supply and electrical connection.

A

Packaged type boiler

42
Q

Steam is generated using electricity rather than the combustion of a fuel. More expensive than gas run boilers are simple and easy to use

A

Electric boiler

43
Q

Cooling systems can be operated by child air or water produced by:

A

Compressive refrigeration,
Absorption,
Or evaporative cooling

44
Q

Refrigerant types:

These are being phased out because they deplete the ozone layer

A

Fluorocarbons,

especially chlorofluorocarbons.

45
Q

Refrigerant types:

A

Fluorocarbons.
Ammonia.
Sulfur dioxide.
Non-halogenated hydrocarbons.

46
Q

Refrigerant types:

Non–CFC refrigerants may be

A

Less effective and involve a higher energy cost

47
Q

This cooling system is based on the transfer of heat during the liquefication and evaporation of a refrigerant. Latent heat is released as refrigerant changes form.

A

Compressive refrigeration

48
Q

In the compressive refrigeration process the evaporator serves this role

A

Expanse refrigerant, vaporizes back to gas absorbing surrounding heat

49
Q

This refrigeration type is produced in a closed loop system by a salt solution that draws vapor from the evaporator. It’s less efficient than compressive systems and needs about two times the heat rejection capacity of the compressive cycle.

A

Refrigeration by absorption

50
Q

This refrigeration tight uses water dropped over pads or tubes that circulate outdoor air or water. works well in hot air and climates with low humidity. Simple to construct, requires no refrigerant line.

A

Evaporative cooling (swamp cooler)

51
Q

Most simple type of system, is self-contained unit that passes non-ducted air to be cooled over the evaporator and back into the room. Uses outdoor air directly and typically placed on exterior walls or roof mounted.

A

Direct expansion (DX) system

52
Q

The most simple forced air system. Only works when loads are similar to a building, and bad for perimeter zones in cold climates.

A

Single duct

53
Q

This forced air system is good for perimeter zones and can heat and cool at the same time. It needs twice as much ductwork and the boiler in chiller have to run all the time,equaling the most consuming system. Common in hospitals. Mixing box located at each room with thermostat.

A

Double duct or
Dual duct or
High velocity

54
Q

This forced air system is not as efficient with many zones or non-square buildings. Mixing box is located in the mechanical room.

A

Multizone forced air system

55
Q

This forced hot air system can heat and cool different zones at the same time and is the most common inefficient system. Saves energy because it doesn’t have to run at peak all the time. Thermostat controls a damper in each zone to adjust the volume of conditioned air entering that space. Requires a lot of interstitial space. cannot heat and cool different rooms in the same zone at the same time.

A

Variable air volume system

56
Q

This forced hot air system is self-contained, used one ducks are impractical to run, and each unit can have its own utility bill. The units you see in big box stores.

A

Unitary forced hot air system

57
Q

In this forced hot air system return air and fresh outside air are combined and cooled and dehumidified. Ducts are smaller and fan horsepower is lower. Inefficient because first cools and then heats air, but can have an economizer cycle where outside air is used directly when temps are low enough.

A

Reheat (constant volume)

58
Q

In this forced hot air system, high pressure and velocity to each induction unit. Ducts are smaller, works best in perimeter rooms of multi story buildings.

A

Induction unit

59
Q

Most simple hydronic system, has low initial cost and is simple. Can’t go very far because water temperatures drop and can only heat/cool at one time. Can be combined with a forced air system.

A

Hydronic single pipe

60
Q

This hydronic system separates the supply and return, so that the radiators are running in series and not parallel.

A

Hydronic two pipe

61
Q

This hydronic system incorporates a separated hot and cold pipe, so can cool and heat at the same time. More piping is required.

A

Hydronic three pipe

62
Q

Hydronic system has a separated hot and cold, and separated returns, giving it the most expensive typing but efficient performance and can heat and cool at the same time.

A

Hydronic four pipe

63
Q

This combined system is one of the most efficient, provides heating and cooling simultaneously. High initial cost because plumbing and ductwork. Can just be used for ventilation without heating and cooling.

A

Fan coil system

64
Q

This combined system has good efficiency, reduces ductwork, and returns over 200% it’s electrical input when outdoor temperatures above freezing. Each zone has its own heat pump and fan. Pump either lose heat some water and blows it into a room, or removes heat from room and into the water.

A

Heat pump system

Building Systems (37 decks)

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