PDX_10_Plumbing Building Design Flashcards
Pressure measured by a pilot tube, consisting of static pressure and velocity pressure.
Total pressure
The pressure required to overcome friction and push water vertically, or the pressure caused at the bottom of a column of water. Measured in inches of water
Static head
Instrument used with a manometer or pressure gauge to measure the velocity of air or water in a duct or pipe
Pilot tube
Clean, clear and potable water systems under pressure
Supply systems
Measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution on a scale of 1 to 14 where seven is neutral and which is more acidic and more alkaline.
Zero is more acidic and 14 is more alkaline in the pH test.
Water that contains mineral deposits that can clog up piping, cause mineral buildup in heat exchangers, and place a toll on hydronic systems.
Hard water
Ion exchange or water softening method in which hard water passes through minerals then salt Tank so that minerals in the hard water don’t solidify
Zeolite
Caused by suspended material in the water like silt, Clay, organic material
Turbidity
Liquid waste
Effluent
One cubic foot of water equals # gallons
7.5 gallons
One PSI will raise a column of water this many feet
2.31 feet
The maximum height water can be sucked up because static head becomes equivalent to atmospheric pressure
33 feet
atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi
Typical minerals that cause hard water
Limestone calcium magnesium
Color or odor caused by organic matter, inorganic salts, or dissolved gases can be corrected through
Filtration and chlorination
Chlorine may be added to water to kill bacteria at this amount
.5 ppm
Parts per million
Typical water consumption for residential:
5–10 gal/min minimum
Wells can be typically in this depth range
25 feet – 100 feet plus
Types of well pump:
A wheel-like impeller, rotated by a vertical shaft aligned w/ supply and discharge,
motor above / below ground
Centrifugal
Types of well pump:
Cylinder and piston with valves
Reciprocating
Types of well pump:
Spiral rotor on the shaft with a rubber sleeve, perpendicular to supply/discharge.
As rotator turns it sucks water and discharges at the other end
Rotary pump
Types of well pump:
Uses a Venturi effect and a waterjet sent from the surface to impel water to rise
Ejector
Types of well pump:
Can be used for Wells under 25 feet
Suction pumps
Types of well pump:
For deep wells with high-capacity
Turbine pumps
Types of well pump:
For small residential, a pump below the waterline pumps water to a pressure tank
Subversive pumps
Newman municipal water systems typically pump through water mains with pressure of
50 psi
This party is responsible to extend lines from property to the Watermain if not adjacent to the property line
Property owner
These are installed at the edge of the property and inside the building at the service entrance
Service controls, or valves
Used to protect the potable water supply from contaminated water by stopping return water from the building from flowing back into the public water supply
Reduce pressure backflow preventer
Water supply system that uses a pressurized tank that’s to be in the basement to supply water under pressure to floors above
Hydropneumatic system
Pressure from the Watermain is used to pump directly to the fixtures
Upfeed system
Upfield systems Limited to 40-60 feet building height
Primary disadvantage of a down feed system
Added structure to support weight of system on roof
In a downfeed system pressure regulator valves are required after about this height
138 feet
Pressurized tank in the basement supplies water to higher levels using compressed air to push water up
Pneumatic tank
Multiple variables speed pumps provide water pressure at whatever demand rate the building requires
Tankless
Doesn’t take up space, but pumps can I have a short lifecycle
Waterflow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity
Surface runoff
Process in which water on the ground surface enters the soil
Water infiltration
The reservoir which debris in sediment from run off my settle before it enters the storm drain
Catch basin
Drain or channel that permits the passage of water below ground. Typically a large diameter concrete or metal pipe often used under a road
Culvert
Underground conduit used to carry rainwater from a catch basin to a body of water
Storm drain
Underground structure, above the water table, the disposes of unwanted water by dissipating it into the ground
Drywell
Perforated pipe surrounded by granular fill used to release hydrostatic pressure from foundation or retaining walls
Drain tile
Order from toilets, including human waste
Blackwater
Catch grease, hair, oil rags, money, etc. that gets into a plumbing system
Interceptor
Keeps methane gas from entering a building well also catching Greece and small jewelry before going down the sanitary system
Trap
Safety feature, faucets are mounted 2 inches minimum above the highest possible level of waste water to prevent any contaminated water being safe and back in
Air gaps
A pump used in hot water systems for maintaining for circulation of water or other liquid
Circulator
A piece of metal placed in the water tank to attract mineral deposits so they don’t form on tank or equipment
Anode
Three strategies for storm water quality control
Infiltrate run off into the soil.
Retain/detain run off for a later release.
Convey run off slowly through vegetation.
Single supply pipe water heater
Minimizes piping cost.
Can result in longer wait times for water.
Two pipe circulating system hot water:
All fixtures connected with supply and return.
Water slowly circulates through natural convection.
Hot water rises to highest fixtures and falls after cooling.
When sizing hot water systems for commercial and institutional buildings it’s important to consider the trade-off between
Recovery time and storage capacity
Hot water heater size is based on two factors:
Total daily use
And peak-hour demand
