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Building Systems > PDX_21_Electrical Vocabulary > Flashcards

PDX_21_Electrical Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

The standard measurement of power, equivalent to one joule per second

A

Watt

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1
Q

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms

A

Ion

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2
Q

1000 W

A

Kilowatt

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3
Q

A measure of power equal to 746 W

A

Horsepower

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4
Q

A conductor, flow of energy, and electric potential difference (voltage), and some type of medium that creates resistance to flow

A

Circuit

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5
Q

The building block to energy. It states that current is directly proportional to voltage and indirectly proportional to resistance. If voltage goes up, current goes up. If voltage goes down, current will go down

A

OHM’s law

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6
Q

Measured and amps, it’s the amount of flow through a circuit

A

Current (I)

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7
Q

Measured in volts, the amount of force or potential in a circuit

A

Voltage (V)

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8
Q

Measured in ohms, the amount that slows down the current

A

Resistance (R/Ω)

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9
Q

The rate of energy transfer, expressed his energy/time (in hours)

A

Power (P)

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10
Q

When one column of charge passes a point in one second

A

Amp

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11
Q

Current that flows in one direction with constant voltage (example: batteries)
Typical for low-voltage applications which are less dangerous as there is less current.

A

DC current

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12
Q

Direction of the flow can be reversed rapidly by reversing the voltage resulting in a sine wave one plotted. The standard form of electrical current supplied by the utility grade and by most fuel powered generators.

A

AC current

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13
Q

Distribution of AC power using a system in which all the voltages of the sully vary in unison, when used when loads are mostly lighting and heating with a few large electric motors

A

Single phase electric power

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14
Q

Like an AC current but three different circuits each 120° out of phase with the other and one neutral current

A

Three phase AC current

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15
Q

The resistance in and alternating current, measured in ohms

A

Impedance

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16
Q

The face difference between voltage and current in AC circuits.
A.k.a. cosine of the angle between the voltage wave and resultant current wave, ranges from 0 to 1 and expressed as a percentage.

A

Power factor (PF)

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17
Q

The ratio between the average and maximum power demands of the building

A

Load factor

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18
Q

Part of the electrical resistance in an alternating current circuit caused by inductance and capacitance

A

Reactance

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19
Q

A machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy

A

Motor

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20
Q

In machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

A

Generator

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21
Q

Generator that commonly produces AC current by converting mechanical energy

A

Alternator

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22
Q

Device that transfers energy from one circuit to another bye-bye not a couple and with no moving parts. It changes the voltage (or force) of an AC circuit to a higher or lower value

A

Transformer

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23
Q

The unit used for the apparent power in an electrical circuit, only useful in the context of AC circuits.

A

Volt-Ampere (VA)

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24
Q

A rating for transformers equal to the product of volts and amperes divided by 1000. The product of the kVA in the power factor gives the power in kilowatts.

A

KVA

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25
Q

Ratio of maximum demand or expected power usage to the total connected load

A

Demand factor

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26
Q

R1+R2+R3…

A

Series resistance (R total)

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27
Q

1/R1+1/R2+1/R3…

A

Parallel resistance (1/Rtotal)

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28
Q

Voltage (V) / Resistance (RΩ)

A

Ohm’s law: Current (I)

29
Q

I x V

A

DC circuit power (watts) W

30
Q

I x V x PF

A

AC circuit power (watts) W

31
Q

I x V x PF x √3

A

AC 3 phase power (watts) W

32
Q

Power (W) x time (T)

A

Energy in the system (watt hour)

33
Q

Units for electricity are

A

Watts per square foot

34
Q

Equivalent to one joule per second

A

Watt

35
Q

A measure of the rate at which energy flows

A

Power

36
Q

The “miles per hour” measurement of an electrical circuit

A

Watts

37
Q

1 W =____ BTU

A

1 W = 3.412 BTU

38
Q

High-voltage circuit is over this amount of AC power or this amount of DC power

A

Over 1000 V AC

Over 1500 V DC

39
Q

Low-voltage circuits are between this range of AC or DC

A

50-1000 V AC power

120-1500 V DC power

40
Q

High-voltage:

A

Electrical energy at voltages high enough to inflict harm or death upon living things.

Used an electrical power distribution, cathode ray tubes, to generate x-rays, and other scientific applications.

41
Q

The amplitude of the wave represents the

A

Voltage

42
Q

The distance between peaks of amplitude is

A

One cycle

43
Q

Change the voltage (force) of and AC current to a higher or lower value. Separate wires are wound around an iron core. More winds = higher voltage.

A

Transformer

44
Q

Transformers must be placed outside of the building or within a fire proof vault due to:

A

Humming noise, toxic fluids, and ventilation requirements.

45
Q

Voltage is stepped up in order to

A

Transmit over longer distances without excessive losses.

It’s steps down to household levels at arrival.

46
Q

Transformers have two windings, being the primary and secondary winding. Which do each do?

A

The primary winding is the coil that draws power from the source.

The secondary winding is the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed voltage to the load.

47
Q

There are two types of secondary:

Two wire secondary,
And three wire secondary.

They produce:

A

Two wire produces 120 V with one hot.

Three wire produces 240 V with two hotlines.

48
Q

A three-phase transformer means:

A

There are multiple leads on the secondary windings.

There are also different configurations, Wye and Delta.

49
Q

Most common power system for residential and small buildings

A

120 ball/240 V single phase (one transformer), three wire system

50
Q

Typical 240V loads include

A

Air conditioning/electric heating systems.
Electric dryers/electric water heater’s.
Large appliances (microwaves and stoves).

51
Q

208/480 V three-phase (three transformer) system:

Three circuits carry three alternating currents which reach their instantaneous peak values at…

A

Different times.

Has an effective getting constant power transfer over each cycle of the current makes it possible to produce a rotating magnetic field in an electric motor.

52
Q

The difference between single phase and three phase:

A

Single phase power is 60 cps (called hertz).

Three-phase power is 60 cps, but in three phases separated in time. Each phase is 1/3 cycles apart.

Like why a V 12 is more powerful

53
Q

The numbers you typically see example 120/240 V or 120/208V change because

A

Single or three phase service.

But why? The numbers change when a wye connection is used.

54
Q

Higher voltage allows for a larger number of fixtures to be on the search single circuit without an increase in

A

Current.

55
Q

Circuit breakers come in the sizes:

A

10 A, 15 A, 20 A, 30 A

56
Q

To calculate the electrical load, add the watt loads, divide by the results of the circuit and you are left with

A

The amps for that circuit.

57
Q

Outdoor and indoor spaces must always be on different

A

Circuits

58
Q

Demand charge:

A

Maximum power demand

x Demand tariff

59
Q

Demand charged based on the highest message demand or percentage of, over the previous year

A

Ratchet clause

60
Q

A unit of natural gas is:

A

A therm and is equal to 100,000 BTU

61
Q

Gas is typically less expensive the more

A

It’s used

62
Q

Gas and oil generators produce__megawatts

A

10-1000 MW

Found most in Midwest and Texas

63
Q

Call plants generate__megawatts

A

20-3000 MW

Coal plants are found mostly in the East Coast

64
Q

1 MW equals how many watts

A

1 million

65
Q

Hydroelectric plants typically produce _ megawatts

A

6500 MW

Half the cost of other systems, and found in the Northwest

66
Q

Photovoltaic panels produce___watts per panel

A

200 W per panel, not much

67
Q

Tilt Angle of the PV array, to capture maximum insulation, should be equal to

A

The site latitude +15°

68
Q

Today’s commercial to P the arrays have a maximum insulation to electric energy conversion rate of

A

12%

69
Q

Hey PP system battery is generally expected to supply all of the new installations electrical requirements for a period of_days of cloudy weather

A

Three days of cloudy weather

Building Systems (37 decks)

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