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Building Systems > PDX_06_Building Systems And Their Integration > Flashcards

PDX_06_Building Systems And Their Integration Flashcards

1
Q

Ratio of solar heat gain through fenestration,
/ to total solar radiation incident
(falling upon/striking) glazing.

0.0-0.87 values

A

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

Lower values shade more.

Less than 0.4 is recommended in a warm climate.

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2
Q

Ratio of solar gain @ glazing product,
/ solar gain @ unshaded 1/8” thick, clear, 2xstrength glass (under the same set of conditions)

(0.0-1.0)

A

Shading Coefficient (SC)

SHGC is considered more accurate

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3
Q

Solar heating or cooling system,
Uses no external mechanical power.

(to move the collected heat)

A

Passive system

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4
Q

Solar heating or cooling system.
Requires external mechanical power.

(to move the collected heat)

A

Active system

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5
Q

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency

AFUE

A

displayed on furnaces manufactured in USA

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6
Q

Sunlight transmitted through glass into bldg,
materials inside heat up,
and reradiates in infrared spectrum which doesn’t pass back through glass,
it’s trapped inside the building warming it up

A

Greenhouse Effect

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7
Q

Tendency of gas/air to rise in a vertical shaft,

because density < surrounding gas/air

A

Stack Effect

Chimney effect

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8
Q

The purpose of high mass cooling.

Facility for rejecting heat accumulated by bldg.

A

Heat Sink

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9
Q

The extent solar design reduces bldgs heat requirement,

relative to ref. energy conserving building.

A

Solar Savings Fraction (SSF)

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10
Q

Materials used to store/release heat
by latent heat capacity.
Melt + solidify in normal solar operating temperature range of 80-160°F

A

Eutectic Salts

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11
Q

For every vertical ft. of window,
this overhang distance
for shading.

A

6” per vertical ft.

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11
Q

Thermal mass materials should not exceed this thickness

A

6 inches

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12
Q

Insulating vs. insolating

A

Insulating: protection from heat loss

Insolating: exposing to suns rays

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13
Q

Ideal ratio of mass to glass is typically

A

3:1

Every 3 ft.² of mass allows 1 ft.² of southern facing glass

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14
Q

1 inch of mass produces this many hours of heat lag

A

One hour

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16
Q

Decoupled mass is this,

and requires this mass to glass ratio.

A

Sun travels through the space to get to mass.

Requires 10:1 mass to glass ratio.

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17
Q

Thermal mass located between sun and living space.

Radiation strikes thermal mass, transfers to space,
w/o light coming through.

A

Indirect Gain Systems

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18
Q

Thick walls placed in sunlight, often behind glazing.
Store solar energy w/o increasing bldg temp,
slowly release when needed.

A

Mass Walls

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19
Q

Convection loop is added to mass wall
(airspace between mass / glass skin)
1way vent @ top lets warm air into room,
1way vent @ bottom lets cold air into airspace.

A

Thrombe Wall

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20
Q

Water stores this much heat per pound,

in relation to concrete.

A

5 x

21
Q

Tank (or collection large vertical tubes) filled w/ water,

@ window, allowing partial light into space.

A

Water Wall

22
Q

Mass in shaded portion of room,

heated by reflected sunlight / warm air in room.

A

Indirect Gain Space

23
Q

Roof Pond best used in this climate.

A

Low humidity climates

Example: the southern United States

24
Q

Roof Pond process

A

6 - 12” of water or contained on a flat roof in large plastic containers covered by glazing. Spaces blower warmed by radiant heat from the water above.

25
Q

4’x8’ insulated glass box w/ piping manifold connected to black metal plate.
Solar energy collected @ flat plate, transfers to tubing circulating water below.
Continues to insulated water storage tank.

A

Flatplate Collector

26
Q

Metal reflectors concentrate the suns ray.
Panels collect @ high temp.
Greater use of surface area, but more complex / expensive.

A

Concentrating Collectors

27
Q

Contain absorber plate fused to a heat pipe.

More efficient than flat plate b/c vacuums surrounding tube reduce convection / conduction loss.

Transfer fluid (water / antifreeze) connects domestic hot water or hydronic space heating system.

A

Evacuated Tube Collectors

28
Q

Air-based systems inferior to liquid-based systems because

A

Water = better transfer efficiency than air.

29
Q

Outdoor temp __°F or below = possible to cool bldgs by simple ventilation.

A

85°F or below

30
Q

U-value single pane of glass

A

1.11 BTU/ft² - hr °F

31
Q

Double pane glass w/ 1/4” airspace has U-value:

A

0.57 BTU/ft² - hr °F

Almost half of a single pane of glass

32
Q

Cost-effective inert gas in double pane window

A

Argon gas

33
Q

Costs 200x argon gas

A

Krypton gas

34
Q

Double glazing w/ thin film in glazing cavity,

allows visible + near-infrared to be transmitted

A

Low-E Glazing

35
Q

In cold climates the low-E film is applied to this area of glass

A

Inside pane of glass

36
Q

In warm climates low E film is applied to which side of the panes of glass

A

The outside pane

37
Q

How low E Glazing works

A

As objects in room are heated
+ emit long wave radiation,
film prevents loss of heat,
by reflecting back into the room

38
Q

Coatings help block solar heat gain from entering building.

Typically for bldgs w/ long cooling season
and require high light levels.

A

Spectrally Selective Glazing

39
Q

When Spectrally Selective Glazing used w/ low E + double glaze systems SHGC of __ can be achieved.

A

.25 SHGC

40
Q

2 low-E coatings w/ gas filled cavities between 3 layers glass.

Gain more thermal energy than lose over 24 hr in winter.

A

Super Windows

41
Q

Multilayered thin-film applied to glass the changes continuously from dark to clear as low voltage electrical current is applied

A

Electromagnetic Glazing

42
Q

Glazing darkens under direct action of sunlight.
As light intensity increases, window darkens.

Automatic, lacks user control of electromagnetic glazing.

A

Photochromic Glazing

43
Q

Changes darkness of glass in response to temp, an automatic action.

A

Thermochromic Glazing

44
Q

Glazing changes from transparent to reflective,

using coatings of nickel magnesium

A

Transition Metal Hydride Electrochromic Glazing

45
Q

Wrapping envelope w/ exterior rigid insulation cuts off:

A

Thermal Bridging

Looks for path of least thermal resistance,
a.k.a. the lowest R-value.

46
Q

Basic law of thermodynamics:

A

Heat flows hot to cold

47
Q

If thermal storage wall is unvented,

none of these inside space:

A

Combustible products

48
Q

If thermal storage wall is vented,

this % of wall should be vent area:

A

1 - 2%

Building Systems (37 decks)

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