Patient education and patiend focused considerations Flashcards
What three factors affect drug safety during pregnancy?
drug properties, fetal gestational age, and maternal factors
Where are drug concentrations highest in new moms and how does this relate to breast milk
The maternal circulation has the highest drug concentration and breast milk has lower drug concentrations compared to it.
What things make a difference in pediatric absorption compared to adults
Gastric pH is less, gastric emptying is slowed, first pass is reduced, reduced bile salts, IM absorption is faster and irregular
WHat things make pediatric distribution different from adults
Body water causes greater distribution and dillution of water soluble drugs, lower fat content, decreased protein binding, more drugs enter brain because of immature blood brain barrier
What things make pediatric metabloism different
Immature liver, increased metabolism in older kids menas more frequent doses,
What things make peediatric excretion different?
Kidney immaturity affects excretion, decreased perfusion in kidneys also affects excretion
What factors affect pediatric drug doses?
Thin skin that’s permeable, stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria, mucus barriers are weaker in lungs, body temo is not regulated as well, liver and kidneys are immature
What is the tool used to dosage calculations and what units are used to make calculations
The west nomogram and it used kilograms and centimeters
What are things to think about for older adults related to absorption
Gastric pH is less acidic, gastric emptying is slow, decreased intestinal muscle tone, GI blood flow reduced, villi is reduced
What are things to think about for older adults distribution?
Lower body water percentages, increased fat content, decrease protein binding
What are things to think about for older adults when it comes to metabolism?
Fewer enzymes for metabolism, blood flow to liver decreases, longer half life
What are things to consider for older adult excretion
decrease in kidney filtration rate, and decrease in nephrons
What is the beers criteria for prevention of adverse drugs events?
It is a listing of drugs and drug classes that should be avoided in older adults
What are the three categories for the drugs in the beers criteria?
Potentially inappropriate drugs in older adults, medications to avoid with certain diseases, medications to be cautious of with older adults
What 5 things are inside the assessment of patient education?
religion, readiness to learn, self care ability, sensory status, social support
