Antilipemic drugs

Question 1

What are the two forms of lipids in the blood, and what is usually the combination of a lipoprotein

Answer 1

The two forms are triglycerides and cholesterol. A lipoprotein is the combination of a triglyceride or cholesterol with a polipoprotein

Question 2

What are the 4 types of lipoprotein

Answer 2

very low density which is produced by the liver, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein which recyles cholesterol in blood

Question 3

What is high cholesterol levels linked to?

Answer 3

High levels of cholesterol in the blood is linked to creating a greater risk of coronary heart disease

Question 4

What are the classes of antilipemic drugs?

Answer 4

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), bile acid sequestrants, B vitamin niacin, fibric acid derivatives, cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Question 5

What are the examples for statin drugs?

Answer 5

Atorvastatin, rosuvastatin calcium

Question 6

What is the MOA of statins

Answer 6

They lower blood cholesterol by decreasing the rate of cholesterol production. If less cholesterol is produced liver increases LDL receptors to take away LDL from blood circulation

Question 7

What are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) adverse effects

Answer 7

GI disturbance, rash headache, myopathy which may cause rhabdomyolysis,

Question 8

What is rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 8

This is when there is a breakdown of muscle protein, causing muscle protein in the urine so discontinuation of statins is important.

Question 9

What are drug interactions for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Answer 9

Oral anticoagulants, drugs metabolizzed by CYP3A4

Question 10

What is atorvastatin calcium and rosuvastatin and when are they dosed?

Answer 10

They are drus used to lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol levels. They are dosed in in the evening or at night

Question 11

What is the main example of bile acid sequestrants?

Answer 11

Cholestyramine resin (olestyr)

Question 12

MOA of bile acid sequestrants?

Answer 12

Since bile acids are needed for the absorption of cholesterol the drug prevents absorption of bile acids from the small intestine.

Question 13

Indications for bile acid sequestrants

Answer 13

Type 2 hyperlipoproteinemia, relief of pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction, used with statins

Question 14

Bile acid sequestrant adverse effects?

Answer 14

Constipation, heartburn, nausea, bleaching, bloating,

Question 15

Considerations for bile acid sequestrants

Answer 15

Overdose can cause obstruction, high doses may cause reduced absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 16

Contraindications for bile acid sequestrants

Answer 16

Hypersensitivity, pregnancy/lactation, loose bowel movements,

Question 17

What is the MOA of niacin?

Answer 17

Decreases levels of trigylcerides, LDL and increases HDLs by inhibiting lipolysis and reducing metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 18

Contraindications for niacin

Answer 18

Peptic ulcer, hypertension, active hemorrhagic process

Question 19

Niacin adverse effects?

Answer 19

Flushing, pruritus, gastrointestinal distress

Question 20

What is an example of fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)

Answer 20

Gemfibrozil

Question 21

MOA of fibric acid derivatives?

Answer 21

Activates lipoprotein lipase to breakdown cholesterol, suppresses release of free fatty acids, inhibits the synthesis of triglycerides, increase the secretion of cholesterol in the bile

Question 22

Indications for fibric derivatives?

Answer 22

Treatment of type 3,4,5 hyperlipidemias

Question 23

Contraindications for fibric acid derivatives

Answer 23

Drug allergy, severe liver or kidney disease, cirrhosis, gallbladder disease

Question 24

Fibric acid derivative adverse effects?

Answer 24

Abdominal discomfort, blurred vision, risk of gallstones

Question 25

What are interactions for fibric acid derivatives

Answer 25

They enhance the action of oral anticoagulants

Question 26

What is an example of a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, and what does it do?

Answer 26

Ezetimibe. It inhibits absorption of cholesterol and related sterols from the small intestine and increases HDL cholesterol levels

Question 27

What is garlic used for and its interactions?

Answer 27

It is an antispasmodic, antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, antihypertensive, and lipid reducer. It can cause increased bleeding when taken with NSAIDs

Question 28

What are flax seeds used for?

Answer 28

Used for artherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia,GI distress, bladder inflammation

Question 29

What is Omega 3 and what is it used for

Answer 29

It is a fish oil product used for cholesterol