Antihypertensive drugs Flashcards
What is the formula for blood pressure?
cardiac output times systemic vascular resistance
What is high normal BP?
This is when blood pressure is high but not yet considered hypertension. The ranger 130-139/85-89
What percent of cases are essential hypertension?
90 -95% of cases this is idiopathic or primary
What is secondary hypertension and what percent of cases are this?
5-10% and is normally as a result of renal artery disease, sleep apnea, thyroid disease
What is malignant hypertension?
This is when BP is above 180/120 which is a medical emergency
WHat are the goals of antihypertensive therapy?
To reduce cardiovascular and renal morbidity, and achieve a pressure less than 140/90. If diabetic we want 130/80, if its with chronic kidney disease we want 140/90
What is the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and hypertension
Parasympathetic stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. the sympathetic stimulates the heart, blood vessels, and skeletal muscle
WHat are the five subcategories of adrenergic drugs?
adrenergic nueron blockers, alpha2 receptor agonists, alpha 1 receptor blockers, beta receptor blockers, combination alpha 1 and beta receptor blockers
What is the MOA of centrally acting adrenergic drugs and what is the main example of this?
This stimulates, alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in the brain which reduces renin production in the kidneys. it also inhibits the production of norepinephrine, eventually resulting in decreased BP
What do peripheral acting alpha 1 receptors do and what is the main example of this?
It blocks alpha 1 adrenergic receptors which decreases the blood pressure. It also dialates the arteries and veins and increases urinary flow rates. Main example is doxazosin
How do beta blockers work, and what are the three main examples
It reduces the heart rate by blocking beta 1 receptors which reduces renin secretion. Examples are propanolol, metoprolol, atenolol
What type of drug is labetalol
It is a beta-blocker and alpha one receptor. It reduces heart rate and causes vasodilation
What are the indications of adrenergic drugs
They are used for treatment of hypertension, glaucoma, heart failure
What are the adverse effects of adrenergic drugs?
ORTHOSTATIC hypotension, bradycardia with reflex tachycardia, dry mouth, drowsiness, constipation,
What is doxazosin?
It is an alpha 1 blocker and it reduces the peripheral vascular resistance and BP
What is an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor stimulator?
It is not a first-line hypertensive drug, they cause unwanted adverse effects and are used when other drugs fail to provide therapeutic effect