Biological response-modifying and antirheumatic drugs Flashcards
What are biological response-modifying drugs?
They alter the body’s responce to cancer autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases.
What are immunomodulating drugs?
These are drugs that alter someones immune response to malignant tumor cells and viruses
What are the two components of the immune system and what are they mediated by?
The humoral immunity is mediated by b cells and the cell-mediated immunity is mediated by t cells
What is the humoral immune system?
This is mediated by b cells and occurs when there is an foreign antibody and the b cells will make antibodies. Some of the b cells remain as memory cells for future invaders like the original
What is the cell mediated immunity
This relates to the t cells which are made in bone marrow and mature in thymus. There are three t cells one lyses the foreign entity, one helps by directing other immune response and the last one suppresses or controls the immune responce
What type of t cell is more predominant in a healthy human?
T helper cells are more prevalent in healthy individuals
What causes cancer cells?
Overactive t suppressor cells are responsible for cancer since they permit tumour growth that could be avoided.
What are hematopoietic drugs, and when would they be used?
They are drugs that promote hematopoiesis. They would used in procedures or incidences where blood cell counts would decline such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia.
What are two examples of hematopoeitic drugs?
Darbepoetin alfa and filgrastim
What are 3 things to remeber before administering filgrastim to a client?
It shouldnt be given until 24 hrs after chemo, should be refrigerated and left out for at least 30 minutes before administering, and should be administeres into SUBCUT of abdomen and back of arms
What are interferon drugs?
These are synthetic drugs similar to cytokines in the body that have three functions that are antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulating.
What are the indications for interferons?
Viral infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders
What are two important adverse effects for interferons?
Flu like symptoms, dose limiting adverse effect is fatigue and another adverse effect is anorexia
What are three examples of interferon products?
IFN alfa-2b, peginterferon alfa-2a, and IFN beta products
What are monoclonal antibodies?
These are drugs used for treartment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, MS, and organ transplantation
What are TNF inhibitors?
These are monoclonals that are used to stop inflammation
What are the 4 examples of TNF inhibitors?
Adalimumab, infliximab, rituximab, natiluzumab
What is rituximab associaated with and what drugs should one premedicate with?
It is associated with an allergic response and should be premedicated with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen.
What do interleukins do and what is the main drug example?
They are a natural part of the immune system that have antitumor action. The main drug example is aldesleukin
What is the main drug for interleukins and what is it used to treat?
Aldesleukin is used to treat metastatic carcinoma and melonoma
What is rheumatoid arthirits?
This is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and tissue damage in the joints
How do antirheumatic drugs work?
They prevent certain inflammatory cells from moving into the inflamed and damaged joint
What are the two nonbiological antirheumatic drugs?
Methotrexate and leflunomide
What is methotrexate?
It is an antirheumatic drug that can be taken with folic acid to prevent adverse effects
What are the four biological antirheumatic drugs?
Adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, abatacept
What is the main thing we monitor for patients on biological response modifiers?
We want to monitor their neutrophil levels.
What is the main thing we are looking for when monitoring the effects of these drugs?
Wether the immune system has been triggered or suppressed
