Analgesics part 2

Question 1

What is opioid tolerance?

Answer 1

This is when someone is on opioids for a long time so they need a larger dose to illicit the same response as smaller doses in the past

Question 2

What is opioid physical dependency and drug addiction?

Answer 2

The body adapts to the presence of opioids. Addiction is a constant craving of the opioids for their effects

Question 3

How does naloxone work?

Answer 3

It is an opiate receptor antagonist so it binds to the same receptors as opioidsbut does not stimulate an action potential. It also binds to the receptors over opioids reversing the effects of opioids

Question 4

What is codeine sulphate, what schedule drug is it, and what can it also be used for

Answer 4

It is an opoid derived from opium. It is a schedule 1 opioid and is also used as an antitussive drug

Question 5

What is fentanyl? What are routes given through?

Answer 5

It is a synthetic schedule 1 opioid used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is given through parenteral injection, transdermal patch, and sublingual tablet

Question 6

What is hydromorphone?

Answer 6

This is another schedule 1 opioid drug

Question 7

What is methadone hydrochloride?

Answer 7

This is a synthetic schedule I opioid that can be used for chronic or cancer related pain

Question 8

What is morphine sulphate?

Answer 8

It is a natural occurring alkaloid from opium poppy that is used for severe pain

Question 9

What is oxycodone hydrochloride

Answer 9

It is synthetic opioid similar to morphine and can be combined with acetaminophen

Question 10

What is naloxone hydrochloride?

Answer 10

This is an opioid antagonist drug that is used for the reversal of opioid respiratory depression.

Question 11

What is the MOA of acetaminophen?

Answer 11

It blocks pain impulses peripherally by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

Question 12

What is the maximum dosage for acetaminophen for healthy adults compared to older adults or patients with liver disease?

Answer 12

Healthy adults max dosage is 4g a day(4000mg) and older adults or liver disease patients is 2000 mg

Question 13

What is the recommended antidote for acetaminophen?

Answer 13

Acetylcysteine regimen

Question 14

What is tramadol hydrochloride, and what is it called when combined with acetaminophen

Answer 14

Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting analgesic used for moderate to severe pain. When combined with acetaminophen it is called tramacet.

Question 15

What is a special consideration for oral analgesics?

Answer 15

They should be taking with food to minimize gastric disturbance

Question 16

What are two main adverse effects for opioid analgesics, and how do we counteract this?

Answer 16

A main adverse effect is and respiratory depression constipation and can be treated with fluid and fibre intake