Pathology: Muscle and peripheral nerve disease

Question 1

what to ask for in myositis history?

Answer 1

tryptophan in herbal preparations

Question 2

myophagia is feature of what?

Answer 2

polymyositis

Question 3

in polymyositis, what can you see in the muscle on microscopy?

Answer 3

regenerating fibres

Question 4

what is histocompatibility in poly myositis?

Answer 4

autoimmune against
MHC-class I sarcolemmal membrane

Question 5

any myophagia in inclusion-body myositis?

Answer 5

nope

Question 6

where is the inflmmatory cell infiltration in inclusion-body myositis??

Answer 6

interstitium

with rimmed vacuoles

Question 7

what is the inclusion-body myositis bodies?

Answer 7

amyloid

a-beta protein

Question 8

what is dermatomyositis linked with

Answer 8

malignancy

Question 9

dermatomyositis juvenile form presents how?

Answer 9

more systemic features: lethargy

not associated with malignancy

Question 10

dermatomyositis pathophysiology?

Answer 10

complement: MAC attack complex is expressed in blood vessels due to autoimmune

Question 11

2 kinds of structural myopathies? cause by?

Answer 11

dystrophies
protein aggregate myopathies

by genetics

Question 12

what protein affected in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 12

dystrophin

Question 13

what is dysferlin?

Answer 13

protein important structure in muscle

seen in limb girdle muscular dystrophy

Question 14

Pompe’s disease is? what do you see?

Answer 14

acid maltase disease

see lots of vacuoles filled with glycogen

Question 15

what is McArdle’s disease? myophosphorylase deficiency? see what clinically?

Answer 15

get fatigue quickly but get second wind as other glycogen recpetors are still active

Question 16

carnitine deficiency what kind of muscle disease?

Answer 16

lipid storage diseases

Question 17

mitochondrial myopathies cause?

Answer 17

defect in mitochondrial DNAs

Question 18

mitochondrial myopathies in only muscles?

Answer 18

nope, can seen in brain too, presents with seizures

Question 19

mitochondrial myopathies, muscle biopsy tell-tale sign?

Answer 19

ragged-red fibres

Question 20

neurogenic disorders, where can pathology be?

Answer 20

upper-motor neuron, anterior horn cells
long tracts
peripheral nerves

Question 21

3 conditions central neurogenic disorders?

Answer 21

MND
ALS
spinal muscular atrophy

Question 22

3 peripheral neuropathy types

Answer 22

axonal degen
demyelination
mixed axonal degen and demyelination

Question 23

3 main features of denervation?

Answer 23

group atrophy
type grouping
target fibres

Question 24

axonal neuropathy process post injury?

Answer 24

• wallerian degeneration: distal from injury and proximal to first node of ranvier
• axonal regeneration from axon sprouting

Question 25

how is the myelin regenerated after injury?

Answer 25

thinner than original

Question 26

commeon presentations of muscular and nerve disorders?

Answer 26

weakness/fatigue
wasting
pain/cramping

Question 27

histology of skeletal and peripheral nerve pathology?

Answer 27

fibre necrosis
fibre atrophy
fibre vacuolation

Question 28

types of myopathies?

Answer 28

inflammatory
structural
metabolic
congenital