Pathology: Bone-Joint-soft tissues

Question 1

4 causes of pathological fracture

Answer 1

osteoporosis
bone tumours
paget disease
osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 2

Kinds of Cancer that spread to bone?

Answer 2

prostate
breast
bowel
kidney

Question 3

Paget’s Disease is what?

Answer 3

disorder of bone formation= deformity, weakness, increase bone mass, and other effects on systems

Question 4

what causes Paget’s disease?

Answer 4

abnormal osteoclast activation

Question 5

3 phases of Paget’s disease

Answer 5

lytic
mixed
burnt out

Question 6

gene for Paget’s disease?

Answer 6

SQSTM1 gene

Question 7

what signalling system is activated in Paget’s disease?

Answer 7

RANK system

Question 8

Paget’s disease is what inheritance?

Answer 8

autosomal dominant

Question 9

when Paget’s disease present?

Answer 9

middle age to elderly

Question 10

Paget’s disease male or females more?

Answer 10

male

Question 11

Paget’s disease occurs in which bones more likely?

Answer 11

proximal femur
axial skeleton

less likely hands, fibula, ribs

Question 12

clinical features of Paget’s disease?

Answer 12

long bone bowing
platybasia
secondary OA

Question 13

how to treat Paget’s disease?

Answer 13

calcitonin

biphosphonates

Question 14

complications of Paget’s disease?

Answer 14

heart failure and warm skin due to AV shunts

Question 15

Paget’s disease risk of what in future?

Answer 15

osteosarcomas

Question 16

Paget’s disease biochem changes?

Answer 16

increased ALP

urine hydroxyproline

Question 17

what does Paget’s disease bone look like?

Answer 17

mosaic, haphazard, jigsaw,

increased marrow vascularity

Question 18

most common systemic condition would see avascular necrosis?

Answer 18

sickle cell disease

Question 19

what part of bone most susceptible to avascular necrosis?

Answer 19

medulla most susceptible

cortex has collaterals

Question 20

osteomyelitis is what?

Answer 20

inflammation of bone due to infection or systemic sepsis?

Question 21

what bugs cause osteomyelitis?

Answer 21

pyogenic bugs: staphs, streps

mycobacterium
viruses
fungi
parasites

Question 22

important dx for osteomyelitis?

Answer 22

blood cultures

Question 23

what is a cold abscess?

Answer 23

osteomyelitis tracking down psoas muscle, presents in the inguinal region

Question 24

most common cause of septic arthritis?

Answer 24

pyogenics: staph, streps

gonnococal

Question 25

what other conditions have high white cells in synovial fluid?

Answer 25

rheumatoid arthritis | gout

Question 26

most common bone tumours are?

Answer 26

metastases

Question 27

what is osteosarcoma?

Answer 27

malignant mesenchymal tumour, the cells produce bone

Question 28

myeloma comes from which cells?

Answer 28

plasma cells

Question 29

lymphomas comes from which cells

Answer 29

lymphocytes

Question 30

top 4 most common malignant bone tumours?

Answer 30

metastasis myeloma lymphoma osteosarcoma

Question 31

osteosarcoma aggressive or beningn?

Answer 31

aggressive

Question 32

incidence of osteosarcoma?

Answer 32

bimodal

Question 33

most common area for osteosarcoma?

Answer 33

knee metaphysis

Question 34

can osteosarcoma involve other structures

Answer 34

unusually can involve joint, tendons, ligament

Question 35

common giant cell tumours of hands and feet malignant or benign?

Answer 35

benign

Question 36

organization of osteoblasts in fracture callus?

Answer 36

woven bone | haphazard organization, not like lamellar bone