Pathology IV Flashcards
Tendonitis of what other two tendons commonly co-exists with supraspinatus tendonitis?
Infraspinatus and bicipital tendonitis
What are the three stages of Rotator Cuff Tendonitis?
Stage I: usually <25 years old, localized inflammation, edema, and minimal bleeding around rotator cuff
Stage II: progressive deterioration of tissues surrounding cuff and common in 25-40 year old patients
Stage III: end-stage, patients >40 years old, disruption or rupture of numerous soft tissue structures
What are the 3 types of scoliosis and are they structural vs. nonstructural?
what is structural vs. non-structural?
- Functional: from abnormalities in body that impact spine (leg length, muscle imbalance, poor posture)
- Nonstructural - Neuromuscular: developmental pathology resulting in alternations within structures of the spine (CP/Marfan’s)
- Degenerative: facilitated by osteophyte formation, bone demineralization, and disk herniation
Non-Structural: curves are flexible and corrected with lateral bending
Structural: curves are inflexible and do not reduce with lateral bending
In addition to strengthening exercises for the trunk and pelvic muscles what should also be included for a patient with scoliosis?
Breathing exercises
The curve does not typically progress is it remains less than 40 degrees by what time?
by the time of skeletal maturity
What is primary spinal stenosis?
Stenosis as the result of congenital malformation of spinal structures
what is the primary factor for the development of secondary spinal stenosis?
age
In addition to pain what other symptoms may be experienced with spinal stenosis (4)
- nerve root radiculopathy
- paresthesia
- weakness
- diminished reflexes
What is the medical term for “Clubfoot” and how does it present?
Talipes Equinovarus
Adduction of forefoot, varus of hindfoot, equinus of ankle
Varus is inversion (calcaneus tips in just like knee tips in with varus)
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel (5)?
T: Tibialis posterior D: Flexor Digitorum Longus A: tibial artery N: tibial nerve H: flexor hallucis longus
What are some tension factors that could contribute to tarsal tunnel syndrome (2)?
- pes planus
2. hindfoot valgus
tarsal tunnel may be initially mistaken for what other diagnosis?
plantar fascitis
According to research what is one factor for why there may be a greater incidence of TMD in women?
gender specific hormones increase risk for TMD
What 4 symptoms are common with TMD?
- pain
- headache
- muscle spasm
- tinnitus
What type of fixation for a THA allows for immediate weight bearing and what type does not?
Cemented fixation allows for immediate WB and cementless does not
What muscles are cut with an anterolateral approach and what are the precautions? (4)
TFL and gluteus medius
Avoid
- hip flexion past 90
- extension of hip
- external rotation
- adduction