Pathology I Flashcards
How do degenerative changes begin in the Achilles tendon?
Hypovascularity
What demongraphic has the highest incidence of achilles ruptures?
30-50 years old with no history of calf or heel pain and commonly participate in recreational activities
What are the differences in timeline and casting for surgical and non-surgical repair of the achilles tendon?
Non-surgical: serial casting for 10 weeks followed by heel lift for 3-6 months
Surgical:: cast for 6 to 8 weeks
How long will it take for someone to return to their previous functional level after and achilles tendon rupture?
6-7 months
What types of foot posture increase risk for Achilles Tendonitis?
Pronated or Cavus foot (high arch)
What portion of the tendon is most often impacted with Achilles Tedonitis?
the avascular zone located 2-6cm above the insertion of the tendon
Why should the therapist avoid overstretching and elevating pain levels in adhesive capsulitis?
because it can result in further loss of motion
What orthopedic intrinsic disorders can initiate the process of adhesive capsulitis?
supraspinatus tendonitis, partial tear of rotator cuff, and bicipital tenonitis
What planes of motion are typically MOST restricted with adhesive capsulities (2)?
Abduction and external rotation
What 3 ligaments resist inversion of the ankle?
ATFL, CFL, and PTFL
What does the PTFL specifically resist?
Posterior translation of the talus, strongest lateral ligament
Resistive exercises for what muscles should be included in treatment of a lateral ankle sprain?
Why?
Fibulars muscles since they provide dynamic stability to the ankle
How long will a typical patient take to recover from a lateral ankle sprain?
2 to 6 weeks
What is the most frequent cause of Anterior compartment syndrome?
trauma
What is the path and attachments of the ACL?
runs from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch
Laxity rarely occurs in soley a straight plane with ACL tears so how is it often classified?
Anterolateral or Anteromedial
What structures are also often injured with an ACL tear?
2/3 of time there is an accompanying meniscal tear.
Sometimes MCL
All three is unhappy triad
Are CKC or OKC more desirable after ACL repair and why?
CKC because they minimize anterior translation of the tibia
Quad set on towel roll: will bring tibia anterior
Wall slide: tibia is fixed on ground, moving femur
How long will it take people to return to their previous functional level following an ACL repair?
4-6 months
What repeated shoulder motion can lead to bicipital tendonitis?
repeated abduction with external rotation, due to direct trauma to the tendon with this motion
A catching or slipping sensation of the biceps muscle with bicipital tendonitis may indicate what?
a tear of the transverse humeral ligament
How long does it take for someone to return to activities with bicipital tendonitis?
6 to 8 weeks
What is the mechanism of injury for a Colles’ Fracture?
FOOSH
What structure is damages in a Colles’ Fracture? And how is it displaced?
Radius
Displaced Dorsally –> “Dinner Fork” deformity in more severe cases
What are 2 things that might be seen clinically with Congenital Hip Dysplasia?
- Asymmetries in hip abduction with tightness
2. Apparent femoral shortening of involved side.
What is a Longitudinal Limb Deficiency?
What is a Transverse Limb Deficiency?
A longitudinal limb deficiency refers to a reduction or absence of element(s) within the long axis of the bone
–>so like a smaller femur or missing fibula
A transverse limb deficiency refers to a limb that has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist
–> no bones beyond where the deficiency is
At what age would surgery be considered for a child with congenital torticollis?
over one year
What might be the first sign of congenital torticollis?
A firm, non-tender enlargement of the SCM muscle visible at birth or within the first few weeks
What are the majority of congenital limb deficiencies caused by?
GENETIC or idiopathic
