Path 9 Ovary Flashcards
Polycystic Ovarian Disease symptoms
Hirsutism
- Persisten anovulation
- Metabolic Syndrome (Obesity, DM II)
- Virilism (rarely)
Polycystic Ovarian Disease risk
Endometrial cancer
Polycystic Ovarian Disease hormones
Increased LH -> Theca cells -> Increased Testosterone -> Obesity -> Increased Estrogen -> Decreased FSH -> Decreased Progesterone
PCO gross appearance
Enlarged smooth grey ovaries with bilateral subcortical cysts
Serous ovarian tumor (epithelium)
Resembles fallopian tube (papillary)
Mucinous ovarian tumor (epithelium)
Resembles endocervix
Endometroid ovarian tumor (epithelium)
Resembles endometrium
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Most common malignant ovarian tumor
- Columnar ciliated cells
- BRCA 1, 2 mutations
- p53 predicts grade
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Columnar epithelial cells with apical mucin
-Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Endometroid carcinomas
Often accompanied by endometrial carcinoma
-May arise from endometriosis
Brenner tumor
Benign
- Nests of bladder transitional-type epithelial cells
- Look like glomeruli
Malignant surface epithelial tumors
Usually presents after metastasis
-CA-125 positive
Germ cell tumors
- fetal tissue
- oocytes
- yolk sac
- placental tissue
- Teratoma
- Dysgerminoma
- Endodermal sinus tumor
- Choricarcinoma
Teratoma typing
Mature - benign
Immature - malignant
Monodermal - Struma ovarii
Mature teratoma
Benign dermoid cyst
-Can transfrom into melanoma, thyroid carcinoma, sq carcinoma
Monodermal teratoma
Struma ovarii
-Mature thyroid tissue
Immature teratoma
Found at earlier ages (prepubertal)
-Resemble embryonal or fetal tissue
Dysgerminoma
Equivalent to seminoma (malignant, good prognosis)
- Dx with Oct3, Oct4
- Tx against c-KIT (tyrosine kinase)
Dysgerminoma genetic cause
Turner’s syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis)
Dysgerminoma histo
Sheets of clear cells
- Lymphocytic infiltrate
- Scant fibrous stroma
Endodermal sinus tumor
Yolk sac tumor (common in children)
-Dx with AFP
Endodermal sinus tumor histo
Schiller-Duval body resembles glomerulus (germ cells around central blood vessel)
Choriocarcinoma
Trophoblasts and syncytioblasts
- hCG marker
- poor prognosis due to early hematogenous spread
Granulosa theca cell tumor
Stromal tumor (postmenopausal)
- Generates large amounts of estrogen
- > Precocious puberty
- > Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma
- > Cystic breast disease
Granulosa theca cell tumor histo
Call-Exner bodies (haphazard gland like structures filled with acidophilic material)
Meigs syndrome
Ovarian fibroma, pleural effusion, ascites
Gorlin syndrome
Basal cell nevus syndrome
-Ovarian fibroma, basal cell carcinomas, ondontogenic keratocysts
Sertoli-leydig cell tumor
Masculinization
-Reinke crystals
Krukenberg tumor
Signet ring cells, metastatic from stomach
