[Part 2]- B7- non-communicable diseases 🚬🚭 Flashcards
1
Q
What are examples of non-communicable diseases ? [5]
A
- cardiovascular diseases- [e.g- coronary heart disease]
- type 2 diabetes
- most types of cancer
- arthritis
- and high blood pressure
2
Q
What are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases ?
A
- diet
- smoking
- exercise
3
Q
What are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases ?
Hint: 🧂
A
- diet- a diet high in fat, and low in vegetables increases the levels of certain types of cholesterol in the blood [such as LDL cholesterol]= increasing the rate that fatty material, builds up in the arteries.
- a diet high in salt, can increase blood pressure- increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
4
Q
What are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases ?
Hint: 🚬
A
- smoking and exercise- massively increased for people who smoke; decreased in people who regularly exercise.
5
Q
What are the risk factors for lung cancer ?
A
- smoking- smoking massively increases the risk of lung cancer.
- This is because, cigarette smoke contains a number of carcinogens, which can trigger cancer.
6
Q
How else can smoking be harmful ?
A
- it can increase the risk of other lungs diseases [such as emphysema],which are extremely unpleasant, leading to a very poor quality of life.
- emphysema, is a disease in which the walls of the alveoli break down, reducing the surface area for gasesous exhange of the lungs.
7
Q
What else can you tell me about emphysema ? [4]
A
- the airways become inflamed, and mucus, which normally traps particles in the lungs, builds up
- infection often occurs in the mucus and alveoli are damaged, reducing their elasticity and surface area
- the patient becomes breathless, and finds it more and more difficult to obtain the oxygen required for respiration
- [The damage caused by emphysema is also permanent. The disease cannot be cured and can result in death.]
8
Q
What are some lifestyle choices that can harm babies ? 🚼
A
- smoking- smoking when pregnant can harm an unborn baby, increasing the risk of miscarriage and premature birth- it can also lead to the baby having a low-body mass.
- alcohol- drinking alcohol when pregnant, can cause fatal alcohol syndrome.
- children born with fatal alcohol syndrome, can have learning difficulties and other mental or physical problems.
9
Q
How can drinking alcohol effect adults ? 🍷
A
- adults who excessively drink alcohol, increase the risk of liver cirrhosis and lung cancer.
- alcohol can also affect the brain, leading to addiction and memory loss.
10
Q
What is type 2 diabetes ?
A
- people with type 2 diabetes, struggle to control their blood glucose levels and type 2 diabetes is [a very serious disease] can lead to blindness or amputation of a limb.
11
Q
What is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes ?
A
- obesity- obese people, have a much higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
12
Q
How can risk factors interact ?
A
- risk factors can interact, as drinking excess alcohol, can lead to obesity- then increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
13
Q
What risk factors are not linked to lifestyle ?
A
- substances that are present in your environment- [e.g- radon]
14
Q
Explain in detail the effects of the harmful substances found in tobacco smoke
A
- tar- Tar is a sticky-brown substance that collects in the lungs when tobacco smoke is breathed in. It can stain fingers and teeth a yellow-brown colour.
- Tar contains cancer-causing chemicals. It also increases the risk of lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
15
Q
Explain in detail why eating a poor diet can lead to health problems.
A
- eating a poor diet can lead to health problems since:
- If we eat too much, we take in too much energy and so the food is stored as fat - obesity (overweight).
- but If we eat too little, our body has to get the energy it needs from breaking down fat or muscle tissue – we lose weight- this can lead to malnutrition.
