[Part 2]- B1-cell structure 🔬

Question 1

State a difference bewteen a bacterial and a plant cell

Hint: cell wall

Answer 1

• the cell wall in bacterical cells is not made of cellulose, whilst the cell wall in plant cells is

Question 2

What’s one adaptation, that synapses have ?

Hint: synapses adapted

Hint: impulses

Answer 2

• synapases are adapted to pass the impulses bewteen a nerve cell, and a muscle in the body- this is done by using special transmitter chemicals.

Question 3

Can you state an adaptation that a muscle cell has?

Hint: glycogen.

Answer 3

• one adaptation a muscle cell has, is that they can store glycogen.
• This is because, glycogen is a chemical that can be broken down. [into glucose]
• and after it’s broken down, it can then be used in cellular respiration by the mitochondria, to transfer the energy needed for the fibres to contract.

Question 4

A sperm cell, has something that stores digestive enzymes

State what’s it known as, including the role of it.

Answer 4

• a sperm cell has an acrosome.
• an acrosome stores digestive enzymes, for breaking down the outer layers of the ovum [an unfertilised female gamete]

Question 5

Where are root hair cells found ?

Hint: tip

Answer 5

• root hair cells are found close to the tip of growing roots.

Question 6

State an adaptation that a root hair cell has.

Hint: large ________ vacuole, speeds up movement of water

Answer 6

• large permanent vacuole, that speeds up the movement of water by osmosis, from the soil across the root hair cell.

Question 7

Why do plants have a large permanent cell vacuole ?

Hint: result

Answer 7

• plants have a large permanent cell vacuole beacuse of a result of osmosis.

Question 8

Why are xylem cells dead?

Hint: form long hollow tubes…

Answer 8

• Xylem cells are dead because although they used to be alive, a chemical called lignin builds up in spirals, in the cell walls
• This means that the cells die + form long hollow tubes, that allow water and mineral ions to move easily from one end of the plant, to another.

Question 9

State why phloem cells have companion cells?

Hint: lose a lot of internal structures.

Answer 9

• phloem cells have companion cells because, they lose a lot of their internal structures
• ; they are supported by companion cells that help to keep them alive.

Question 10

Explain why companion cells of the phloem have mitochondria.

Hint: move dissolved food up and down.

Answer 10

• conpanion of the phloem have mitochondria.
• This is because, mitochondria of the companion cells, transfer the energy needed to move dissolved food, up and down the plant in phloem cells.

Question 11

What’s the function of the nucleus?

Answer 11

The function of a nucleus, is to enclose [and contain] the genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 12

What’s the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

• the cytoplasm, is a watery solution, where chemical reactions take place

Question 13

What’s the role of the cell membrane?

Hint: molecules

Answer 13

The role of the cell membrane, is to control the molecules that can enter and leave the cell.

Question 14

Where does aerobic respiration take place ?

Answer 14

Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria

Question 15

What are ribosomes?

Answer 15

Ribosomes, are the sites of protein synthesis.

Question 16

• Fill in the gaps: unlike ______ cells, plant cells have a regular shape

Answer 16

• Fill in the gaps: unlike animal cells, plant cells have a regular shape

Question 17

What is the difference between plant and animal cells? [3]

Answer 17

Plant cells:

• have a cellulose cell wall
• have chloroplasts
• have a permanent vacuole

Question 18

What’s cell differentiation ?

Hint: changes

Answer 18

• cell differentiation, is when a cell changes to become specialised.

Question 19

What’s one of the functions of a sperm cell? [1]

Hint: genetic

Answer 19

• sperm cells contain their genetic information in their nucleus
• [ ;they only contain half the genetic information of a normal adult. ]

Question 20

What’s another function of a sperm cell

Hint: streamlined

Answer 20

• a sperm cell has a long tail, allowing it to swim to the ovum but it’s streamlined aswell to make this easier.

Question 21

What’s a third function of the sperm cell?

Answer 21

• a third function of sperm cells, is that they’re packed full of mitochondria.
• this will provide/release the energy needed for swimming [to the ovum]

Question 22

What’s the fourth function of a sperm cell ?

Hint: outer layer

Answer 22

• sperm cells contain enzymes (called acrosomes) which allows them to digest their way, through the outer layer of the ovum.