B9- Respiration 🫁💪 Flashcards
What does respiration provide energy for ? [3]
Hint: build larger molecules
- for movement, so the muscles can contract in animals.
- mammals need energy to keep warm- to keep their body temperature steady in colder surroundings.
- energy is also needed for chemical reactions, to build larger molecules- [e.g- proteins are made by chemically joining amino acids]
What is [cellular] respiration ?
Hint: continually
- cellular respiration, is an exothermic reaction which continually occurs in living cells.
- [cellular] respiration supplies the energy we need, and is an exothermic reaction because it releases energy, when bonds are formed.
What is aerobic respiration ?
- aerobic respiration, is a form of respiration that uses oxygen to release energy from molecules like glucose.
- and in aerobic respiration, the sugar glucose is reacted with oxygen gas.
- this then produces carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration ?
- glucose + oxygen—-> carbon dioxide + water
- [energy is on the bottom]
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration ?
- C6 H12 O6 + 6O2—-> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Why does aerobic respiration produce a great deal of energy ?
Hint: oxidised
- aerobic respiration produce a great deal of energy, because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised.
What is anaerobic respiration ?
- anaerobic respiration is a form of respiration, that releases energy from molecules [such as glucose], without using oxygen.
What happens when there’s a shortage of oxygen ?
Hint: muscle cells repire
- muscle cells respire anaerobically, and during anaerobic respiration in muscles, glucose is converted to latic acid.
Why does anaerobic respiration, release much less energy than aerobic respiration.
- anaerobic respiration, release much less energy than aerobic respiration, because in anaerobic respiration, the oxidation of glucose is incomplete.
How can anaerobic respiration, happen in plant and yeast cells ?
- in this reaction, the glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. [by fermentation]
What is fermentation ?
Hint: cells
- fermentation, is anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells.
How can fermentation be used ? 🍺
- fermentation can be used, to make alcoholic drinks such as beer- the alcohol in these drinks, is ethanol, which is produced by fermentation.
How else can fermentation be used ? 🍞
Hint: bubbles in the dough
- fermentation by yeast can also be used to make bread rise.
- this is because, the carbon dioxide produced by fermentation, creates bubbles in the dough, causing the bread to rise.
What is the body’s full response to exercise ? [4]
- during exercise, the body needs a great deal of energy for muscle contraction. Because of this, the body has to react, to the increased demand for energy.
- aerobic respiration increases, since the body needs more energy- meaning the body cells require more oxygen.
- to provide this extra oxygen, we breath more frequently and take deeper breaths, [since the breathing rate and breathing volume increases]- getting more oxygen into the bloodstream.
- the heart rate also increases, to pump this oxygenated blood around the body; sometimes, not enough oxygen can be supplied to the muscles- anaerobic respiration now takes place in the muscles.
What is the body’s response to exercise ? 🫁🫀
- to provide this extra oxygen, we breath more frequently and take deeper breaths, [since the breathing rate and breathing volume increases]- getting more oxygen into the bloodstream.
- the heart rate also increases, to pump this oxygenated blood around the body; sometimes, not enough oxygen can be supplied to the muscles- so anaerobic respiration now takes place in the muscles.
