[Part 2]- B3- Organisation and the digestive system 🍔

Question 1

What is the difference between vitamins + minerals.

Answer 1

Vitamins are organic molecules and minerals are inorganic

Question 2

This is a question about vitamins and minerals. Name two vitamins + explain their role. Also, give one example of a mineral.

Answer 2

Two vitamins + role.

Vitamin A= good vision, healthy hair and skin.

Vitamin D= helps us to absorb calcium + can be made by the body, using sunlight.

Minerals:

• calcium is an example of a mineral.

Question 3

What are nutrients?

Hint: growth, repair + metabolism

Answer 3

Substances that are needed for growth, repair + metabolism

Question 4

This is a question about carbohydrates. State the elements found in carbohydrates + examples of carbohydrate monomers + polymers. [5]

Hint: glucose, fructose, glycogen, starch.

Answer 4

Elements:

• carbon, oxygen + hydrogen are found in carbohydrates.

Examples of monomers:

• simple sugars such as glucose or fructose.

Examples of polymers:

• glycogen + starch.

Question 5

This is a question about carbohydrate monomers and polymers. How are carbohydrate polymers formed? [1]

Hint: monomers form polymers.

Answer 5

Carbohydrate monomers join together, to form carbohydrate polymers.

Question 6

State the definition for fat and oil

Hint: room temperature

Answer 6

Fat- a lipid that is solid at room temperature

Oil- a lipid that is liquid at room temperature.

Question 7

How are complex carbohydrates broken down into simple carbohydrates?

Hint: bonds between, monomers.

Answer 7

• Bonds between monomers are broken + if these bonds are broken, complex carbohydrates can be broken down into simple carbohydrates.

Question 8

This is a question about protein monomers + polymers. Using your knowledge of this sub-topic, Give an example of a monomer and a polymer.

Answer 8

Monomer: amino acids

Polymers: proteins.

Question 9

What elements are amino acids mainly made from?

Hint: carbon, oxygen.

Answer 9

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

Question 10

This is a question about lipids. What elements are lipids usually made from? Also, are lipids monomers or polymers.

Answer 10

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Trick question- Lipids aren’t monomers or polymers. This is because they’re made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.

Question 11

Where are the enzymes that break down lipids found?

Answer 11

The small intestine

Question 12

Where are the enzymes that break down carbohydrates found?

Hint: _____ intestine.

Answer 12

The mouth + small intestine

Question 13

Where are the enzymes that break down proteins found?

Answer 13

In the stomach + small intestine

Question 14

Which organs produces amylase?

Answer 14

Salivary glands, pancreas + small intestine

Question 15

Which organs produces protease?

Answer 15

Stomach, small intestine + pancreas.

Question 16

Which organs produces lipase?

Answer 16

The small intestine + pancreas

Question 17

This is a question about digestive enzymes. What is pepsin?

Answer 17

Pepsin- a protease enzyme that breaks down protein.

Question 18

What is one adaptation of the small intestine?

Answer 18

• the interior of the small intestine have villi which massively increase the surface area [for the absorption of molecules].
• This means digested food can be absorbed into the bloodstream, much more quickly.

Question 19

What is a second adaptation of the small intestine?

Answer 19

• there are also microvilli, on the surface of villi- this increases the surface area even further.

Question 21

What is a third adaptation of the small intestine?

Answer 21

• villi has a very good blood supply, so the bloodstream rapidly removes the products of digestion. This increases the concentration gradient.

Question 21

What is a fourth adaptation of the small intestine?

Answer 21

• the villi also has a thin membrane= provides a short diffusion path, as nutrients only have to diffuse a short distance.

Question 21

What is the final adaptation of the small intestine?

Answer 21

• the small intestine is very long, as it has a length of 5m- this provides a very large surface area for the absorption, of the products of digestion.
• all of these adaptations/features mean that there is a rapid rate of diffusion, of the products of digestion, into the bloodstream.

Question 22

What happens to molecules that can’t be absorbed by diffusion [in the small intestine] ?

Answer 22

• molecules that can’t be absorbed by diffusion, are absorbed by active transport.