B4- organising animals and plants 🫀🪴 Flashcards
What circulatory system do fish have ?
- fish have a single circulatory system.
What is the problem of fish having a single circulatory system ?
Hint: deal of oxygen
- the blood loses a lot of pressure as it passes through the gills, before reaching the organs.
- This means that the blood travels to the organs relatively slowly, and it cannot deal a great deal of oxygen.
What circulatory system do humans have?
- Humans have a double circulatory system.
What is the advantage of having a double circulatory system ?
Hint: twice
- the advantage of having a double circulatory system is:
- because blood passes through the heart twice, it can travel rapidly to the body cells- and deliver the oxygen that the cells need.
What is the heart ?
Hint: pumps blood
- the heart is an organ, [mainly consisting of muscle tissue] that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system
- The heart pumps blood around the body [and has four chambers]
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- the left atrium [at the top, on the ‘right side’]
- the right atrium [at the top, on the ‘left side’
- the left ventricle [at the bottom of the heart, on the right side.]
- the right ventricle [at the bottom of the heart, ‘on the left side’.]
In the heart, what are the atria separated by ?
- In the heart the atria are separated by valves.
What is interesting to note about the heart ?
- the heart appears to be back to front, since diagram always show the heart, as if you’re looking at a person.
- REMEMBER IN THE HEART, LEFT AND RIGHT ARE OPPOSITE
What are the four main blood vessels that enter and leave the heart ?
- the four main blood vessels that enter and leave the heart are:
- the vena cava
- the pulmonary artery
- the pulmonary vein
- and, the aorta
What is the pattern of blood flow through the heart ?
Hint: atrium, contract, out of the heart
- first blood enters the left atrium and the right atrium
- the atria now contact, and the blood is forced into the ventricles.
- the ventricles now contract, forcing blood out of the heart.
- [valves in the heart, stop the blood from flowing backwards/back flow of blood into the aria, when the ventricles contract.]
Why does the left side of the heart, have a thicker muscular wall than the right side ?
Hint: entire
- because the left ventricle pumps blood around the entire body.
- therefore it needs to apply a greater force; the right ventricle [only] pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place
What are the coronary arteries ?
- the coronary arteries, branch out of the aorta and spread out into the heart muscle.
- their purpose, is to provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart.
- and the oxygen is then used in respiration, providing the energy needed for contraction.
What is the natural resting heart controlled by ?
Hint: right
- the natural resting heart rate is controlled a group of cells, located in the right atrium, that act as a pacemaker
- ; this pacemaker can sometimes stop working and if it does, doctors can implant an artificial pacemaker.
What is an artificial pacemaker ?
Hint: rate
- an artificial pacemaker, is a small electrical device, which corrects the irregularities in the heart rate.
Where are pacemaker cells found?
- pacemaker cells are found in the right atrium
Which part of the circulatory system does oxygenated blood leave the heart, to travel round the body?
Aorta
Which organ system is the heart a part of?
- the heart is part of the circulatory system
Which part of the circulatory system takes deoxygenated blood back to the lungs?
Hint: pulmonary
Pulmonary artery
Which part of the circulatory system does oxygenated blood leave the heart to travel around the body?
Aorta
What type of muscle is the heart?
Involuntary
What do valves do?
- valves, prevent the backflow of blood
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Hint: deoxygenated
- the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Explain how fish have a single circulatory system
Hint: deoxygenated, to organs
- in fish, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart, to the gills [where it collects oxygen, and and becomes oxygenated].
- The oxygenated blood now passes straight through the gills to the organs [where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and into the body cells].
- the blood then returns to the heart.
Explain what the double circulatory system is, in humans [4]
Hint: from, returns, oxygenated blood, back
- in humans, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart, to the lungs [where it collects oxygen].
- This oxygenated blood then returns to the heart.
- The heart then pumps the oxygenated blood to the organs [where the blood transfers it’s oxygen to the body cells.]
- The blood now returns back to the heart.
What is the role of the left and right ventricle ?
- the left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body
- ; the right ventricle, pumps blood to the lungs- where gas exchange takes place
What is the role of the vena cava ?
Hint: brings in
- the vena cava brings in deoxygenated blood from the body.
What is the role of the pulmonary artery ?
Hint: what type
- the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What does the aorta do ?
Hint: pumps
- the aorta pumps oxygenated blood from the heart, to rest of the body
What does the pulmonary vein do ?
- the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood [in the lungs, the blood collects oxygen] to the heart
