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AQA Biology [Paper 1] > B4- organising animals and plants 🫀🪴 > Flashcards

B4- organising animals and plants 🫀🪴 Flashcards

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1
Q

What circulatory system do fish have ?

A
  • fish have a single circulatory system.
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2
Q

What is the problem of fish having a single circulatory system ?

Hint: deal of oxygen

A
  • the blood loses a lot of pressure as it passes through the gills, before reaching the organs.
  • This means that the blood travels to the organs relatively slowly, and it cannot deal a great deal of oxygen.
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3
Q

What circulatory system do humans have?

A
  • Humans have a double circulatory system.
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4
Q

What is the advantage of having a double circulatory system ?

Hint: twice

A
  • the advantage of having a double circulatory system is:
  • because blood passes through the heart twice, it can travel rapidly to the body cells- and deliver the oxygen that the cells need.
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5
Q

What is the heart ?

Hint: pumps blood

A
  • the heart is an organ, [mainly consisting of muscle tissue] that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system
  • The heart pumps blood around the body [and has four chambers]
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6
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  • the left atrium [at the top, on the ‘right side’]
  • the right atrium [at the top, on the ‘left side’
  • the left ventricle [at the bottom of the heart, on the right side.]
  • the right ventricle [at the bottom of the heart, ‘on the left side’.]
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7
Q

In the heart, what are the atria separated by ?

A
  • In the heart the atria are separated by valves.
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8
Q

What is interesting to note about the heart ?

A
  • the heart appears to be back to front, since diagram always show the heart, as if you’re looking at a person.
  • REMEMBER IN THE HEART, LEFT AND RIGHT ARE OPPOSITE
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9
Q

What are the four main blood vessels that enter and leave the heart ?

A
  • the four main blood vessels that enter and leave the heart are:
  • the vena cava
  • the pulmonary artery
  • the pulmonary vein
  • and, the aorta
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10
Q

What is the pattern of blood flow through the heart ?

Hint: atrium, contract, out of the heart

A
  • first blood enters the left atrium and the right atrium
  • the atria now contact, and the blood is forced into the ventricles.
  • the ventricles now contract, forcing blood out of the heart.
  • [valves in the heart, stop the blood from flowing backwards/back flow of blood into the aria, when the ventricles contract.]
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11
Q

Why does the left side of the heart, have a thicker muscular wall than the right side ?

Hint: entire

A
  • because the left ventricle pumps blood around the entire body.
  • therefore it needs to apply a greater force; the right ventricle [only] pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place
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12
Q

What are the coronary arteries ?

A
  • the coronary arteries, branch out of the aorta and spread out into the heart muscle.
  • their purpose, is to provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart.
  • and the oxygen is then used in respiration, providing the energy needed for contraction.
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13
Q

What is the natural resting heart controlled by ?

Hint: right

A
  • the natural resting heart rate is controlled a group of cells, located in the right atrium, that act as a pacemaker
  • ; this pacemaker can sometimes stop working and if it does, doctors can implant an artificial pacemaker.
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14
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker ?

Hint: rate

A
  • an artificial pacemaker, is a small electrical device, which corrects the irregularities in the heart rate.
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15
Q

Where are pacemaker cells found?

A
  • pacemaker cells are found in the right atrium
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16
Q

Which part of the circulatory system does oxygenated blood leave the heart, to travel round the body?

A

Aorta

17
Q

Which organ system is the heart a part of?

A
  • the heart is part of the circulatory system
18
Q

Which part of the circulatory system takes deoxygenated blood back to the lungs?

Hint: pulmonary

A

Pulmonary artery

19
Q

Which part of the circulatory system does oxygenated blood leave the heart to travel around the body?

A

Aorta

20
Q

What type of muscle is the heart?

A

Involuntary

21
Q

What do valves do?

A
  • valves, prevent the backflow of blood
22
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Hint: deoxygenated

A
  • the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
23
Q

Explain how fish have a single circulatory system

Hint: deoxygenated, to organs

A
  • in fish, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart, to the gills [where it collects oxygen, and and becomes oxygenated].
  • The oxygenated blood now passes straight through the gills to the organs [where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and into the body cells].
  • the blood then returns to the heart.
24
Q

Explain what the double circulatory system is, in humans [4]

Hint: from, returns, oxygenated blood, back

A
  • in humans, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart, to the lungs [where it collects oxygen].
  • This oxygenated blood then returns to the heart.
  • The heart then pumps the oxygenated blood to the organs [where the blood transfers it’s oxygen to the body cells.]
  • The blood now returns back to the heart.
25
Q

What is the role of the left and right ventricle ?

A
  • the left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body
  • ; the right ventricle, pumps blood to the lungs- where gas exchange takes place
26
Q

What is the role of the vena cava ?

Hint: brings in

A
  • the vena cava brings in deoxygenated blood from the body.
27
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary artery ?

Hint: what type

A
  • the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
28
Q

What does the aorta do ?

Hint: pumps

A
  • the aorta pumps oxygenated blood from the heart, to rest of the body
29
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do ?

A
  • the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood [in the lungs, the blood collects oxygen] to the heart

AQA Biology [Paper 1] (31 decks)

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