Animal + plant organisation (Paper 1) 🦍🪴 Flashcards
State the differences between the models of enzyme action
Hint: lock + key model and induced fit model.
Lock + key model:
- substrate had to perfectly fit into the active site, like a lock and key.
Induced fit model:
- enzymes actually changes shape as it binds to the substrate.
- [In other terms,] the enzyme is complementary to the substrate.
What are enzymes made from?
Hint: amino acids
A large range of amino acids.
What are the two factors that affect enzymes? And explain why these affect enzymes.
1) temperature- if an enzyme is over the ‘optimum temperature, the enzyme will be denatured.
This is because the substrate will not fit the active site, therefore the reaction won’t be catalysed.
2) pH- An extremely high pH will denature the enzyme
Enzymes can be reused. TRUE OR FALSE
True- enzymes can be reused.
We all need a balanced diet. Explain the three nutrients + two of their roles. [5]
Carbohydrates (usually starchy foods) :
- provide us energy we need to do chemical reactions + move around.
Lipids:
- act as a long-term store of energy
- keep us warm by insulating us
- protect our organs.
[- can provide energy for chemical reactions).
Proteins:
- for repair
- break down energy if necessary
What is the difference between vitamins + minerals.
Vitamins are organic molecules and minerals are inorganic
What are the 3 factors that affect how much energy we need?
1) activity level
2) age
3) pregnancy
This is a question about vitamins and minerals. Name two vitamins + explain their role. Also, give one example of a mineral.
Two vitamins + role.
Vitamin A= good vision, healthy hair and skin.
Vitamin D= helps us to absorb calcium + can be made by the body, using sunlight.
Minerals:
- calcium is an example of a mineral.
What are biological molecules?
Hint: living organisms + molecules found.
Biological molecules- molecules found in living organisms, that are produced by cells.
What are nutrients?
Hint: growth, repair + metabolism
Substances that are needed for growth, repair + metabolism.
This is a question about carbohydrates. State the elements found in carbohydrates + examples of carbohydrate monomers + polymers. [5]
Hint: glucose, fructose, glycogen, starch.
Elements:
- carbon, oxygen + hydrogen are found in carbohydrates.
Examples of monomers:
- simple sugars such as glucose or fructose.
Examples of polymers:
- glycogen + starch.
This is a question about carbohydrate monomers and polymers. How are carbohydrate polymers formed? [1]
Hint: monomers form polymers.
Carbohydrate monomers join together, to form carbohydrate polymers.
State the definition for fat and oil
Hint: room temperature
Fat- a lipid that is solid at room temperature
Oil- a lipid that is liquid at room temperature.
How are complex carbohydrates broken down into simple carbohydrates?
Hint: bonds between, monomers.
- Bonds between monomers are broken + if these bonds are broken, complex carbohydrates can be broken down into simple carbohydrates.
This is a question about protein monomers + polymers. Using your knowledge of this sub-topic, Give an example of a monomer and a polymer.
Monomer: amino acids
Polymers: proteins.
