[Part 2]- B5- communicable diseases 🦠 Flashcards
1
Q
How is the bacteria that causes salmonella food poisoning spread ?
A
- the bacteria that causes salmonella food poisoning, is spread by ingesting infected food.
- This is the type of food, that is prepared in unhygienic conditions- [e.g- using the same chopping board for raw chicken, and then not cleaning it again before using the board for other food].
2
Q
What causes the symptoms of salmonella?
A
- the symptoms of salmonella, are caused by bacteria secreting toxins [harmful chemicals].
3
Q
What are the symptoms of salmonella ?
A
the symptoms of salmonella are:
- a fever
- abdominal cramps
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
4
Q
How can the spread of salmonella be controlled ?
A
- the spread of salmonella [a bacteria] be controlled by vaccination- in the UK, all chicken are vaccinated against salmonella- since salmonella can sometimes be found in poultry such as chicken.
5
Q
What is salmonella ?
A
- salmonella is, a type of bacteria that causes food poisoning
6
Q
What is gonorrhoea ?
A
- gonorrhoea, is a sexually transmitted disease [STD] that is transmitted by sexual intercourse; it is a bacterial disease
7
Q
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
A
- the symptoms of gonorrhoea are:*
- a thick yellow or green discharge from the penis or vagina.
- and, pain when urinating
8
Q
How was gonorrhoea easily treated and how has this changed ?
A
- gonorrhoea was easily treated by using penicillin [the first antibiotic to be discovered]; antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are now more common.
9
Q
How can the spread of gonorrhoea be stopped ?
A
- the spread of gonorrhoea can be stopped by using a condom during sexual intercourse- this stops the bacteria passing from person to person.
- and also by testing- people who have unprotected sex should be tested for gonorrhoea.
- and then they can then be treated with antibiotics, to kill the bacteria before it’s passed onto another person.
10
Q
Describe and Explain how salmonella affects the infected organism. [3]
A
- first the Bacteria lives in guts of some animals, and is also found in raw meat, poultry, eggs and egg products.
Can be transmitted by eating infected food- [e.g- in undercooked food, not enough heat to kill the bacteria]
- salmonella then infects the gut, upsetting the natural balance among gut bacteria causing food poisoning.
11
Q
Explain how methods to control the spread of salmonella and gonorrhoea work [3]
A
- with gonorrhoea- reduce the number of sexual partners.
- and with salmonella- keep raw chicken away from food that is eaten uncooked.
- also, don’t wash raw chicken (sprays bacteria around)
12
Q
What is malaria ?
A
- malaria is a communicable disease, that can be fatal and is spread by a pathogen- and the malaria pathogen is a protist.
- the symptom that people with malaria experience are: repeated bouts of fever [headaches, nausea and muscular pain.]
- there is also shaking [when the protists are bursting out of the blood cells]
13
Q
How does malaria spread ? 🦟
A
- malaria is spread by the mosquito vector:
- an infected person is bitten by a mosquito, and the malaria pathogen passes into the mosquito.
- the mosquito now bites a different person, passing the malaria pathogen to them.
14
Q
What is the malaria life cycle ? 🦟 [5]
A
- a female [anopheles] mosquito bites a human, and releases malaria-causing parasites into the human.
- the malaria parasite travel to the liver, infecting the liver as it damages the liver cells the liver [cells] and reproduces sexually.
- the malaria parasites also infect the blood of humans. and since the parasites make lots of copies of themselves, this causes the red blood cells to burst, releasing them [the malaria parasite] into the blood.
- the mosquito then bites the human again, consuming infected blood when feeding as it takes the parasite back into its body to reinfection another human.
15
Q
What is a vector ?
A
- a vector is a organism which doesn’t cause a disease itself, but which spreads infection by transferring pathogens from one host to another.
