B1- cell structure 🔬

Question 1

Give one advantage of using an electron microscope, compared with using a light microscope [1]

Hint: greater

Answer 1

• an electron microscope has a greater magnification, than a light microscope.

Question 2

Other than having a greater magnification, give another advantage that an electron microscope has, compared with a light microscope [1]

Hint: power

Answer 2

• an electron microscope has a higher resolving power, than a light microscope.

Question 3

What is a ribosome?

Hint: makes all the ________, that are needed in the cell.

Answer 3

A ribosome is where protein synthesis takes place, and makes all the proteins that are needed in the cell.

Question 4

What do all plant and agal cells have ?

Answer 4

• all plant and agal cells, have a cellulose cell wall

Question 5

Do root cells have chloroplasts? Explain your answer.

Answer 5

• roots cells don’t have chloroplasts, because they don’t photosythesise. This is because they’re underground.

Question 6

What is a permament vacuole?

Hint: filled with sap.

Hint #2: space

Answer 6

A permament vacuole is a space in the cytoplasm, filled with sap.

Question 7

What type of cells are eurarykotic ?

Answer 7

• all plant and animal cells are eurkaryotic cells.

Question 8

State a difference bewteen a bacterial and a plant cell

Hint: chloroplast

Answer 8

• a bacterial cell dosen’t have chloroplasts, but a plant does.

Question 9

State a difference bewteen a bacterial and a plant cell

Hint: genetic material

Answer 9

• unlike a plant cell, a bacterial cell dosen’t have genetic material contained inside a nucleus.

Question 10

State a difference bewteen a bacterial and a plant cell

Hint: p_______

Answer 10

• a bacterial cell may have plasmids, but a plant cell does not.

Question 11

Where do eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material in?

Answer 11

• eukaryotic cells are [animal and plant] cells, that contain their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 12

What is a nucleus ?

Answer 12

A nucleus, contains the genetic material/DNA of these cells.

Question 13

Where do prokaryotic cells enclose their genetic material ?

Hint: single loop

Answer 13

• Prokaryotic cells are cells, where their genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in their nucleus.
• instead their genetic material consists of a single loop of DNA. [and it may contain plasmids]

Question 14

What is the scale for size of cells?

Answer 14

• nm—-> um—-> mm——> cm—–> m——km

Question 15

How do you convert m to cm?

Answer 15

x by 100

Question 16

How do you convert from cm to mm ?

Hint: not 100

Answer 16

x10

Question 17

What is the equation that links: image size, actual size and magnification ?

Answer 17

Image size: actual size ✖magnification

Question 18

What is the rule for order of magnification?

Hint: 10x

Answer 18

• every order of magnitude, is 10x greater than the one before. [count the zeros]

Question 19

What’s the role of the axon? [1]

Hint: carry

Answer 19

• The role of the axon, is to carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.

Question 20

What’s the role of a nerve cell? [1]

Hint: send

Answer 20

• the role of a nerve cell, is to send electrical impulses around the body.

Question 21

What does myelin do? [1]

Hint: transmission

Answer 21

• myelin insulates the axon, and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.

Question 22

What’s the role of synapses? [1]

Hint: pass

Answer 22

• the role of synapses, are junctions which allow the impulses to pass from one nerve cell to another.
• [They are located at the end of the axon.]

Question 23

What do dendrites do? [1]

Hint: surface area

Answer 23

• dendrites increase the surface area, so other nerve cells can connect more easily.

Question 24

What’s mitochondria?

Hint: enzymes

Answer 24

• mitochondria are organelles that contain the enzymes for aerobic respiration, and this is where most energy is released in respiration.