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part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation

A

C3a

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2
Q

opsonization and phagocytosis

A

C3b

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3
Q

inflammation

A

C5a

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4
Q

MAC

A

lysis of microbe

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5
Q

second step in activation pathway?

A

production of c3b and formation of C3 convertase

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6
Q

What coes C3b initiates activation of?

A

C5 and formation of C 5 convertase

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7
Q

Last step

A

MAC, creates hole in plasma membrane

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8
Q

complement pathway

A

proteolytic cascades in which an inactive precursosr enzyme becomes active and cleaves next complement protein cascasde

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9
Q

complement system works in cooperation with/

A

blood coagulation pathways

kinin kallikrein system that regulates vascular permability

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10
Q

TLRs 1-9 bind?

A

microbial ags (LPS, peptidoglcans, viral mucleic acids)

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11
Q

expressed on cell surface of

A

TLR 1,2,4,5,6 DCs phagocytes B cells endothelial cells

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12
Q

expressed on endsosomal membrane

A

TLR3,7,8,9

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13
Q

NLRs location

A

cytosol of phagocytes, epithelial cells, and other cells,

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14
Q

PAMP/DAMP ligands of NLRs

A

bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, intracellular crystals;

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15
Q

RLRs ligand

A

viral RNA

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16
Q

RLRs location

A

cytosol of phagocytes and other cells

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17
Q

CDS ligands

A

bacterial and viral DNA

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18
Q

WHat does tobacco smoke and pollutants activate?

A

TLR2 and TLR4

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19
Q

what are pamps?

A

molecular patterns on bacteria and viruses

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20
Q

TLR3

A

virus dsRNA

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21
Q

TLR7

A

birus ssRNA

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22
Q

TLR9

A

cystosine-phosphoyl guanine virus

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23
Q

TLR4

A

bacteria lipopolysaccharide

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24
Q

TLR2

A

bacteria peptiodglycans

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25
Q

TLR2, TLR6

A

lipoteiochoic acid bacteria

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26
Q

TLR5

A

flagellin bacteria

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27
Q

lipopolysaccaraides (LPS)

A

gram negative

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28
Q

lipoteichoic acid (LTA)

A

gram positive

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29
Q

DAMPs molecule patterns on endogenous intracellular proteints

A
  • damage to cells by ROS
  • HMGB1(nucleus to lysosome)
  • S100 protein(cytoplasm)
  • HSP exosomes
  • extracellular matrix hyaluronans
  • uric acid
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30
Q

What does capsase 1 activation cause?

A

release of inerlukin 1beta and 18 and can cause death of host cell

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31
Q

What are antimicrobial or anti inflammatory products?

A

defensisns
resolvins or protectins
eicosanoids that resolve inflamation

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32
Q

TLR1 and TLR2

A

bacterial lipopeptides

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33
Q

WHat adaptor do TLRs 1, 2,5, and 6 recognize/

A

MyD88

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34
Q

what does MyD88 activate?

A

NF-kB and AP-1

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35
Q

TLR 7 and 9 use MyD88 to activate?

A

NFkB and IRF7

36
Q

What adaptor does TLR3 use?

A

TRIF and it activates IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors

37
Q

What do microbial lipoportines acvivate?

A

TLR2

38
Q

What does LPS activate?

A

TLR4

39
Q

WHat does bacterial DNA sequences contain unmethlated cytosine-guanosine dinucleoties (CpGs)

A

TLR9

40
Q

What does the activation of NFkB result in?

A

transcription of pro inflammatory genes

41
Q

WHat controls adaptive T cell immune response?

A

IL12

42
Q

What does not signal through MyD88

A

TLR3, signals through TLR3

43
Q

What engage TRIF and TRAM?

A

TLR4

44
Q

What engage TIRAP and MyD88?

A

TLR4 and TLR2

45
Q

WHat is produced in the inflammason

A

IL 1 beta and IL 18

46
Q

WHat is a sub family of 14 NOD?

A

NLRP…. P is pyrin domain containing protein

47
Q

What does NLRP responds to?

A

PAMPS and DAMPS by binding and forming singlaing complexes called inflammasomes

48
Q

What does inflmmasome complexes activate?

A

caspase 1

49
Q

What is the main function of caspase 1?

A

to cleave the inactive cytoplasmic precursor forms of two homologous cytokines 1 beta and 18

50
Q

proinflammatroy cytokines

A

1 beta dn 18

51
Q

what mediates the uptake of oxidized lipoproteins?

A

SRs

52
Q

what SRs are expressed on Mo?

A

SR-A and CD36, recogniztion and phagocytosis of microorganims

53
Q

What do SRs bind bacteria based on?

A

negative charges of bacterial LPS, lipoteichoic acid, nucleic acid….

54
Q

WHat bind carbohydrates

A

C type lectin family

55
Q

What do conserved carb recognition domain recognize?

A

microbial mannose, N acetylglucosamine, and betal glucans

56
Q

eukaryotic carb cells are terminated by

A

galactos and sialic acid

57
Q

lectin that are soluble protines are found in?

A

blood and extracellular fluids

58
Q

Where are integral membrane proteins?

A

found on surface of macrophages and dendritic cells

59
Q

What do mannose receptors recognize?

A

termal D mannose, Lfucose, and n acetyl D glucosamine sugsars on microbial surface

60
Q

mannose receptor is involved in?

A

phagocytosis of microbes

61
Q

what are small cationic peptiedes that contain both cationic anc hydrophobic regions?

A

defensins

62
Q

what produce defensins?

A

epithleial cells of mucosal surface and nby granule containing leukocytes including,
neutorphils, NK, and CTLs

63
Q

WHat stimulates the synthesis of defensins?

A

cytokines and microbial products

64
Q

How do defensins kill?

A

inserting into and diruspting functions of the membrane

65
Q

What produce cathelicidins?

A

neutorphils and barrier epithelial cells in the skin, gastorpintestinal tract and respiratory tract

66
Q

What is cathelicinds cleaved into?

A

two protective peptides

67
Q

What cleaves cathelicidins?

A

cytokines and microbial prodcuts

68
Q

What is the C terminal fragment of cathelicidins called?

A

LL37, can bind and neutorpliez LPS

69
Q

what play an anti inflammatory role aby binding to DNA and blocking AIM2 inflammasome acitvation

A

IL37

70
Q

What transcription factor do innate lymphoid cells develop from?

A

Id2

71
Q

Id2—-> IL15 and IL7=

A

T bet

72
Q

Id2–> IL7=

A

GATA3

73
Q

Id2–> IL7=

A

RORgamma t

74
Q

T bet, ILC1–> IL12, IL18=

A

IFN-gamma

75
Q

defense against viruses

A

IFN gamma

76
Q

gata3, ILC2–> IL25, IL33, TSLP

A

IL5, IL13

77
Q

allergic response

A

IL5 and IL13

78
Q

RORgammt, ILC3—-> IL1 and IL23=

A

IL 17, IL22

79
Q

intestinal barrier function; lymphoid organogenesis

A

il 17 and IL22

80
Q

What response to IL12?

A

NK cells

81
Q

WHat produces IL12

A

macrophages

82
Q

CD16

A

IgG coated cell

83
Q

NCRs(NKp46, NKp30, NKp44)

A

biral hemaglutinins, HLA-B transcript 3, B7-H6, heparin sulfate prtoegolycan (HSPG)

84
Q

CD94

A

HLA-E

85
Q

ILT2

A

HLAa, B, C, E,F G, CMB UL18

86
Q

KIRs

A

HLA-C Bw4, A

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