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Undeleted > Immuno Lecture 1....5 > Flashcards

Immuno Lecture 1....5 Flashcards

0
Q

antibodies functions

A

immunomodulation reduced damage to host from inflammatory response organized T cell response opsonization activation of complement toxin neutralization direct antibacterail acitvity

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1
Q

Where are most abs found?

A

the thrid fastest migrating group of globulins, named gamma globulins for the thrid letter of the Greek alphabet (count alpha 1 and alpha 2 as one)

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2
Q

Abs have a basic unit of?

A

four polypetide chains

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3
Q

What are the chains of abs?

A

two light chains and heavy chains, bound together by covalent disulfide bridges as ewll as by noncovalent interactions

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4
Q

What can abs be proteolytically cleaved to yield?

A

Fab fragments(fragment Ag binding Fab) and an Fc fragment (fragment crystallized, Fc) responsible for effector functions

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5
Q

What are both H and L chains dividied into?

A

V and C regions

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6
Q

the V region

A

containg the Ag binding site

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7
Q

C region

A

determining the fate of the Ag

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8
Q

What are the five different kinds of H chains?

A

epsilon, alpha, gamma, u, ga…

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9
Q

What do the H chains determine?

A

the class of antibody…. M, D, E, A

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10
Q

What are the two different kinds of L chains?

A

k and lambda, each with a MW of 23kDa

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11
Q

Each Ab unit can have only k and lambda

A

L chain, but not both

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12
Q

What do both H and L chains have?

A

intrachain disulfide bridges every 90 amino acid residues, which creates polypetpteide loops, domains, of 110 amino acids

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13
Q

What are the domains refered to?

A

Vh, Vl, Ch1, Ch2, etc

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14
Q

Know what parts are responseibl efor

A

on basic structure of Abs

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15
Q

Abs have lots of flexibility, bc?

A

hinges

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16
Q

What is the Ag binding sites formed by? Secreted IgG

A

the juxtaposition of Vl and Vh domains

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17
Q

Where does the heavy chain C regions end? Secreted IgG

A

tail pieces

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18
Q

Whaat is the location of complement and Fc receptor biding sites/ Secreted IgG

A

within the heaby chain constant regions are approximations

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19
Q

membrane-bound IgM on B cell… has …… thant IgG

A

one more Ch domain

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20
Q

membrane bound IgM on B cells

A

has C terminal trnasmembran and cytoplamsic protions that anchor the molecule in the plasma membrane

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21
Q

Igm is for?

A

activation of phagocytosis

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22
Q

What is IgG cleaved by?

A

The enzymes papain at the hinges

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23
Q

What does papain diegestion in IgG allow?

A

the separation of two Fab fargments and complemetn and Fc receptors biding the Fc fragment

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24
Q

what generates a single bivalent antigen bidning fragment F(ab’)2…

A

pesin….. makes fragments of IgG

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25
Q

What are the two roles of hinges?

A

widely spaced cell surface determeinatn closely spaced cell sufrace determinatns

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26
Q

What is teh flexibiilty due to..

A

….

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27
Q

….

A

….

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28
Q

….

A

….

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29
Q

….

A

….

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30
Q

What are a large group of cell sufrace and solubel proteins involved in?

A

Recognition, binding, or adhesion process of cells belogs to the imunoglobulin super family

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31
Q

What are Ig superfamily proteins? list 6

A

IgG, TCR, Class I MHC, CD4, CD28, ICAM1

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32
Q

Ig ag binding site

A

three CDrs in Vh and three CDRs in Vl domains

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33
Q

T cell receptor Ag binding site

A

three CDRs in Valpha and three CDRs in Vbeta domains

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34
Q

Ig Ag that may be bound

A

proteins, lipids, polyscaccarides and small chemicals

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35
Q

T cell receptors Ag that may be bound

A

peptide MHC complexes

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36
Q

Ig antigenic determinatns recognized

A

linear and conformational determinats of various macromolecules and chemicals

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37
Q

T cell receptor antigenic determinants recognized

A

linear determinants; only 2 or 3 aa residues of a petide boudn to an MHC molecule

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38
Q

Ig affinity of Ag binindg

A

Kd 10^-7-10^-11 M

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39
Q

Ig on-rate/ off rate

A

rapid on rate, variable off rate

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40
Q

T cell recetor affinity of Ag binding

A

Kd 10^-5-10^-7M

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41
Q

Ig Onrate/off rate

A

slow on rate slow off rate

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42
Q

CDR

A

complementarity determining region

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43
Q

Kd

A

disociation constant

44
Q

Vh

A

variable domain of heavy chaing Ig

45
Q

Vl

A

vairable domain of light chain ig

46
Q

from the H and L chain are loops that protrude from the surface of the two Ig V domains and in combination creat an Ag binding region

A

complementarity- determining regions (CDRs)

47
Q

What is each domain of the Ag binding site composed of?

A

two anitparallel beta strands, colored yellow and red, to form two beta pleated sheets held together by a disulfide bond

48
Q

Confamitonal determinatn—> denaturation

A

determinant lost by denaturation

49
Q

linear determinant nenaturation of

A

….

50
Q

neoantigenic determinant (created by proteolysis)

A

determinatnnear site of proteolysis

51
Q

the tighness of Ag-Ab binding

A

affinity

52
Q

Abs ??? in their affinity to the same Ag determinant

A

vary

53
Q

The higher the….. the less liekly the Ab is to …… from the Ag

A

binding contstnt, dissociate

54
Q

Abs formed in the primary response?

A

soon after the injection of an Ag are gnereally of lower affinity

55
Q

Abs produced by memory response?

A

have higher affinity thatn those in a primary repsosne ( association constats 1000 times higher)

56
Q

What is critical in Ab when the Ag is a toxin or virus and must be neutralized rapidly?

A

affinity

57
Q

What is the maximum numnber of antigenic determinatns with which an Ab will react?

A

the valence of an Ab

58
Q

What contains two Fab regions and can bind two moleucles of Ag or two identical sites on the same particles and thus of have valance of???

A

IgG, two

59
Q

What is the valence improtnat for?

A

binding affinity, as having two or more binding sites for an Ag can dramatically increase the tighness of binding of the Ab to Ags

60
Q

What is avidity?

A

comvined effect that results from synergy of the binding strngths of each binding site

61
Q

….

A

….

62
Q

….

A

….

63
Q

….

A

….

64
Q

….

A

….

65
Q

…

A

….

66
Q

Stem cell

A

no Ig expression

67
Q

Pre B cell

A

Cytoplasmic u heavy chaing and pre B receptor

68
Q

immature B cell

A

membrane IgM

69
Q

mature B cell

A

membran IgM, IgD

70
Q

Activated B cell

A

low rate Ig secretion; heavy chain isotype swithcing; affinity maturation

71
Q

antibody secreteing cell

A

high rate Ig secretion; reduced membrane Ig

72
Q

most common Ab in mucosal secretions

A

IgA

73
Q

mainly found in the plama

A

Igm

74
Q

absorbed on the surface of mast cells

A

IgE

75
Q

penetrates deeper into the tissue

A

IgG

76
Q

Different microbes have different/

A

biological properties

77
Q

Microbes can enter the body through ?

A

different routes skin, gi, respiratory tract, genitourinary

78
Q

The five different Ab classes such as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, and IgA, and their subclasses have evolved

A

to facilitate protection agianist microbes entering at the different sites

79
Q

What classes have a J chain?

A

A and M

80
Q

all Ig have

A

heavy chain and light chain

81
Q

what have seretory ocmpononet?

A

IgA

82
Q

What is the most abudnant immunoglobulin in the blood?

A

IgG

83
Q

What is the IgG class MW?

A

150 kDa

84
Q

Where are IgG found

A

both in vacular and extravascular spaces as well as in secretion

85
Q

What provides the bulk of immunity to most blood borne pathogens?

A

IgG

86
Q

What is the only Ig to cross the placenta?

A

IgG, it provides

87
Q

…..

A

…

88
Q

…

A

…

89
Q

…

A

…

90
Q

…

A

…

91
Q

…

A

..

92
Q

What is present in the placenta?

A

The epithelial cell surface receptor for Fc regions (FCRn) of maternal IgG

93
Q

What does FCRn do? .

A

…

94
Q

….

A

…

95
Q

….

A

…

96
Q

…

A

..

97
Q

..

A

..

98
Q

.

A

.

99
Q

.

A

.

100
Q

.

A

.

101
Q

What is teh major Ig present in extermal secreitons such as colostrum, milk, and saliva?

A

IgA where it exists as a 420 kDa dimer

102
Q

What does the IgA contian?

A

lambda chian, H alpha chain, two more polypeptide chians secretory component J chaing… joining chain

103
Q

What is part of the poly Ig receptor involbed in transepithelial transport of eoxcirn

A

…

104
Q

…

A

…

105
Q

…

A

…

106
Q

…

A

…

107
Q

…

A

..

108
Q

…

A

..

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