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Undeleted > Lecture 1A > Flashcards

Lecture 1A Flashcards

0
Q

Time line for the formation of nervous system occurs during what embryonic stage:

A

End of second week to end of eighth week

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1
Q

Stages in Neural Tube Development

A

1st. Neural Plate 2nd. Neural folds 3rd. Neural tube

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of cranial end of neural tube?

A

pentapartite brain and tripartite brain

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3
Q

tripartite brain is made up of

A

Prosencephalon Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon

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4
Q

What do the three parts of the growing pentapartite brain divide into?

A

Prosencephalon into->telencephalon (most anterior) and diencephalon mesencephalon: does not divide rhombosephlon divides into -> metencephalon and myelencephalon

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5
Q

Where is the cerebral aquaduct?

A

between the third and fourth ventricle

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6
Q

What are the parts of the Telencephalon Primordia?

A

Lumina-Lateral Ventricles I and II Floor-Basal ganglia (nuclei) and olfactory lobes and nerves- tracts Roof-cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon primorida?

A

lumen… third ventricle roof…epithalamus walls… thalamus floor… hypothalamus and infundibulum

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8
Q

What are the parts of the mesencephalon primordia?

A

lumen… cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) roof=tectum: superior and inferior colliculi floor…tegmentum

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9
Q

What are the parts of the metencephalon primorida?

A

lumen- part of forth ventricle roof- cerebellum floor- pons

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10
Q

What are the parts of the myelencephalon primorida?

A

lumen- rest of fourth ventricle main part- medulla oblongata roof- posterior choroid plexus

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11
Q

What is the Myelencephalon’s main part, the Medulla oblongata, composed of?

A

nuclei Pyramids Olives Vital reflex centers Various nonvital centers

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12
Q

What does the myelencephalon medulla nuclei make up?

A

Vestibular nuclear complex Sensory nuclei Portions of reticular formation

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13
Q

What do myelencephalon medulla pyramids consist of?

A

Lateral corticospinal tracts

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14
Q

What is the Myelencephalon medulla olives the site of?

A

Site of nuclei related to cerebellum

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15
Q

Metencephalon Pons Nuclei makes up what?

A
  1. cranial nerve nuclei V-VII 2. Pontine nuclei: Relay between cerebrum and cerebellum
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16
Q

What do the Mesencephalon Centers make up?

A

Sleep center respiratory centers

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17
Q

The Mesencephalon Tectum (Roof) consists of what?

A

Superior colliciuli (visual refelxes) Inferior colliculi (auditory and olfactory reflexes)

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18
Q

What does the cerebellum have?

A

Has a cortex

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19
Q

What are the functions of cerebellum?

A

coordinate skeletal muscle movement maintain equilibrium and posture synergic control of muscle activity (other muscles are quieted to help other muscles do their job)

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20
Q

What is the diencephalon thalamus?

A

major relay center for afferenet and efferent informaiton to and from cerebrum and other areas of the brain… olfactory does not pass through

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21
Q

What is the diencephalon epithalamus?

A

habenular nuclei involved in emotional and visceral responses to odors and pineal body

22
Q

What is the Diencephalon hypothalamus?

A

Mamillary bodies involved in olfactory relfexes and emotional responses to odors. Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

23
Q

What is the function of the Diencephalon?

A

controls and integrates ANS associated w many kinds of visceral activity intermediary btw nervous and endocrine systems controls normal body temp maintains extracellualr fluid volume biorhythm oscillator

24
Q

What are the parts of the telencephalon?

A

olfactory bulbs basal nuclei (ganglia) And cerebral cortex

25
Q

What is the function of the telencephalon basal nuclei (ganglia)?

A

subconscious motor control and muscle tone

26
Q

What is Anencephaly?

A

Failure of cranial end of neural tube to close

27
Q

What is Arnold- Chiari deformity?

A

Inferior cerebellum and medulla are elongated and protrude into vertebral canal Medulla and pons are small and deformed Hydrocephalus- blockage of fluid flow Malformation of lower cranial nerves -deafness -tongue, facial muscle, lateral eye movement weakness

28
Q

What is spina bifida occulta?

A

Normally hidden results from a failure of the inferior neuropore to close vertebral arches fails to develop in caudal area spinal cord function is usually normal

29
Q

What is spina bifida cystica?

A

Characterized by a sac-like cyst at the caudal end of spine Spinal cords and/or meninges may be found in the cyst Spinal cord funciton may be impaired May be lower extremeity dysfunction Bladder and bowl function may be impaired

30
Q

What is meningocele?

A

Form of spina bifida cystica Only meninges found in sac Spinal cord function may be impaired Signs and symptoms vary depending on location and severity of malformation

31
Q

What is meningomyelocele?

A

Form of spinal bifida cystica Both meninges and spinal cord are found in sac Always results in abnomral growth of spnial cord Lower extremity paralysis Bowel and bladder dysfunction Lillioss of sensation to lower limbs

32
Q

What is myeloschisis

A

Failure of caudal neural folds to close Most severe of the defects

33
Q

What is holoprosencephaly?

A

Failure of prosencephalon to divide into two cerebral hemispheres Often associated with facial deformities –single orbit with two eyes or one eye or no eye –proboscis type nose located above eye –cleft lip and palate

34
Q

When does superior (anterior or cranial) neuropore closes?

A

by day 27

35
Q

When does inferior (posterior or caudal) neuropore closes?

A

by day 30

36
Q

caudal end froms the….

A

spinal cord

37
Q

subdivion of cranial end of neural tube

A

tripartite brain and then pentapart brain

38
Q

myelencephalon medulla, various nonvital centers

A

hick up, vomitting, diahrea

39
Q

mesencephalon nuclei

A

cranial nerve nuclei III-IV

40
Q

mesencephalon tegmentum

A

red nucleus substantia nigra (parkinsons) various tracts

41
Q

telencephalon cerebral cortex

A

divided into paired lobes surface w gyri and sulci

42
Q

When does the superior (anterior or cranial) neuropore close?

A

By day 27

43
Q

When does the inferior (posterior or caudal) neuropore close?

A

By day 30

44
Q

What does the myelencephalon medulla vital reflex centers make up?

A

Cardiac center Vasomotor center Centers related to respiration

45
Q

What are the parts of the metencephalon?

A

Pons and cerebellum

46
Q

What are the parts of mesencephalon?

A

Nuclei, Tectum (roof), and Tegmentum

47
Q

What does the mesencephalon nuclei make up?

A

The cranial nerve nuclei III-IV

48
Q

What does the mesencephalon tegmentum make up?

A

Red nucleus, substantia nigra, various tracts

49
Q

The cerebellum is connected to other parts of the brain via what?

A

Large pairs of fibers tracts called peduncles

50
Q

What is each part of the cerebellum connected to?

A

Inferior connected to medulla and spinal cord Middle connected to pons Superior connected to midbrain

51
Q

What are the parts of diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus

52
Q

What are the characteristics of the telencephalon cerebral cortex?

A

Divided into paired lobes Surface with gyri and sulci

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