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imuno Flashcards

1
Q

neutrophil stimulation

A

granulocyte colony stimulating factor GSF

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2
Q

what play a major role in innate and adaptive immune response?

A

Mo, Mast cells, dendritic cells,

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3
Q

monocytes come from

A

csf

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4
Q

monocytes development in fetus

A

yolk sac, blood, tissue specific

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5
Q

IFN-gamma causes

A

TNF alpha, IL1, IL6 to liver which cause acute phase proting and cell lysis

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6
Q

TNF alpha and IL1 cause tissue

A

inflammation

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7
Q

What causes tissue repair with phagocytes?

A

Elastase collagenase
-fibrogenic stim factor
angiogenic factors

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8
Q

What are monocytes effector functions?

A
  • toxic factors
  • TNF proteases
  • NO
  • perioxide
  • O2
  • Lysozyme
  • Hydorlase
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9
Q

Macrophages present to T helper cells which activest T cells and?

A

further activates procution of cytokines to activates macrophages more
-this is important for the eradication of microbes that are ingested by phagocytes but resist killing

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10
Q

immunomodulation

A

bacteria gives of IL10 and IL12
IL 10 activates Th2
IL 12 activates TH1 which also activates Th2

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11
Q

In the fetus dendritc cells come from?

A

liver, yolk sac and become Langerhans cells

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12
Q

Naïve lymphocytes enter the LN through?

A

an artery, and move across HEV

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13
Q

How do DC enter lymphocyte?

A

afferent lyphatic vessels

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14
Q

in spleen B cells are in?

A

lymphoid follicle with a germinal center

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15
Q

IN spleen, T cells are in

A

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath

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16
Q

specific example of innate lymphoid

A

natural killer cells

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17
Q

What do NK’s secrete?

A

INF-gamma

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18
Q

Follicular DCs provide?

A

antigenic stimulus that dirves Ab affinity maturation

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19
Q

What does plamacytoid DCs activate?

A

INF alpha and beta

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20
Q

Most important for activation of naïve T cells?

A

DCs

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21
Q

Matruation of DCs dependent on?

A

FLT3, which binds to Flt3 tyrosine kinase receptor on the precursor cells

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22
Q

What cells are APCs?

A

B cells, Mo, DCs

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23
Q

How do lyphocyes reenter circulation?

A

efferent lymph vessels that merge into the thoracic duct

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24
Q

First antibody B produces?

A

IgM

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25
Q

After IgM?

A

IgD

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26
Q

What do B cells mature into?

A

memory cells and plasma cells

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27
Q

B cells start to develop?

A

14th week of gestation

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28
Q

Where does differentiation of B cells occur in the fetus/

A

fetal liver

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29
Q

B cell development/

A

stromal cells, IL1, IL6, IL7

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30
Q

What is rearranged for multiple codes of lymphocytes?

A

germline

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31
Q

T helper cells express

A

Cd4, help for B cell growth and differentiation

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32
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes express

A

CD8, recognize and kill virus- infected cells

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33
Q

T cell ILs?

A

IL1, IL2, IL6, IL7

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34
Q

What maintains B cells/

A

BAFF

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35
Q

What maintains T cells?

A

IL7, low level cycling

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36
Q

recruitment of leukocytes and plama protines is part of?

A

inflammation process

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37
Q

What does the inflammation process do?

A

delivers cells and molecules of host defense to the site where agents need to be combated

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38
Q

What activate endothelia cells/

A

cytokines from Mo and mast cells

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39
Q

What does endothelial activation create?

A

increased adhesion

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40
Q

Adhesion molecueles on HEV

A

addressins

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41
Q

P selectin distribution

A

endothelium activated by histamine or thrombin

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42
Q

E selectin distribution

A

endothelium activated by cytokines (TNF and IL1) with in 1 to 2 hours

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43
Q

L selectin distirbution

A

neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells

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44
Q

P selectin ligand

A

Sialyl Lewis X on PSGL-1

-glycoproteins, neutrophils,monocytes, T cells

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45
Q

E selectin ligand

A

sialyl Lewis X

-glycoproteins, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

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46
Q

L selectin ligand

A 
sialyl X (PNAd) on GlyCAM1
-CD34, MadCAM1 and HEV
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47
Q

What activates L selectins at inflammation?

A

IL1 and TNF

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48
Q

L selectins are very improtnat for ?

A

homing into LNs by interacting with HEV

49
Q

L selectin ligands expressed on HEV is called?

A

peripheral node addressins (PNAd)

50
Q

LFA 1 distribution What express it?

A

neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells, intracellular adhesion molecules

51
Q

LFA-1 ligand

A

ICAM-1, ICAM-2, endothelium

52
Q

Mac-1 distribution

A

neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells

53
Q

Mac-1 ligand

A

ICAM 1, ICAM2, endothelium

54
Q

VLA-4 distribution

A

monocytes, T cells, vascular cell adhesion molecules

55
Q

VLA4 ligand

A

VCAM1 endothelium

56
Q

alpha4beta7 distirbiution

A

monocytes, T cells, naïve, effector, memory B cells

57
Q

alpha4beta7

A

VCAM1, MadCAM1, endothelium in gut and gut associtated lyph nodes

58
Q

Integrins structure

A

hererodimeric cell surface proteins, two noncovalently linked polypeptide chains

59
Q

What is the function of integrins?

A

mediate adhesion of cells to other cells

60
Q

What does integrin signals do?

A

molitily, shape change, and phagocytic respsones

61
Q

Chemokines structure?

A

cystein residues, two internal disulfind bonds

62
Q

CCL1, I-309

A

CCR8, monocytes recruitment and endothelial cell migration

63
Q

CCL2, MCP-1

A

CCR2, mixed leukocyte recruitment

64
Q

CCL3,MIP-1alpha

A

CCR1, CCR5 mixed leukocyte recruitment

65
Q

CCL4, MIP-1beta

A

CCR1, CCR5, T cell, dendritic cell, monocytes and NK recruitment, HIB co receptor

66
Q

CCL5, RANTES

A

CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, mixed leukocyte recruitment

67
Q

CCL11, Eotaxin

A

CCR3, eosinophil, basophil, and Th2 recruitment

68
Q

CCL17, TARC

A

CCR4, T cell recruitment

69
Q

CCL19, MIP-3beta

A

CCR7, T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lyph nodes

70
Q

CCL20, MIP-3alpha

A

CCR6, Th17 recruitment, DC positioning in tissue

71
Q

CCL21, SLC

A

CCR7, T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lyph nodes

72
Q

CCL22, MDC

A

CCR4, NK cell, T cell recruitment

73
Q

CXCL1, GROalpha

A

CXCR2, neutrophil recruitment

74
Q

CXCL5, ENA-78

A

CXCR2, neutrophil recrutment

75
Q

CXCL8, IL8

A

1 and 2, neutrophil recruitmen

76
Q

CXCL10, IP-10

A

3 and 3b, effector T cell recruitment

77
Q

CXCL11, I-TAC

A

3 and 7, effector T cell recruitment

78
Q

cxcl12, SDF-1aplha, beta

A

4, Mixed leukocyte recruitment; HIV coreceptors

79
Q

CXCL13, BCA1

A

5, B cell migration into follicles; T follicular helper cell migration into follicles

80
Q

CXCL14, BRAK

A

monocyte and dendritic cell migration

81
Q

XCL1, Lymphotactin

A

XCR1, T cell and NK cell recruitment

82
Q

CX3CL1 fractalikine

A

CX3CR1, T cell, NK cell, and monocyte recruitment; CTL and NK cell activation

83
Q

Do neutrophils and monocytes have to be activated to be recruited into tissue?

84
Q

How doe neutrophils and monocytes get into tissue/

A

post capillary venules except parenchymal tissues(liver, lungs, Kidneys) where they enter through capillaries

85
Q

What do Mo produce?

A

TNF and IL1

86
Q

What selectin intitates rolling?

A

P selectin

87
Q

What further stabiles roling/

A

L selectins

88
Q

What chemokine doe endothelial cells express?

A

IL8, CXCL8 that recognize neutrohips

89
Q

What controls transmigration of monocytes?

A

CCL2(MCP1)

90
Q

Naïve T cells enter LN?

A

through an artery, across HEV

91
Q

DCs bearing Ag enter LN?

A

through afferent lymphatic vessels

92
Q

Effector and memory T cells eneter peripheral tissues through?

A

venules at sites of inflammation

93
Q

Why do naïve T cells home to LNs?

A

L selectins binding to PNAd on HEV

94
Q

What chemokines are displayed on the surface of HEV?

A

CCL19 and CCL21

95
Q

WHat chemokines being to … activates integrins?

96
Q

Naïve T cells have low levels of?

A

S1PR1, bc the receptor is internalized after binding S1P in the blood

97
Q

Naïve T cells recently entering LN cannot sense S1P concentration btw?

A

T cell zone of the node and lyph

98
Q

Why can naïve T cells not leave node for several hours?

A

wait until S1PR1 is re expressed to re enter

99
Q

What level of S1PR1 do ag activated T cells have?

A

low, it is re expressed after several days

100
Q

What mediate cell migration into the tissue/

A

E selectin, P selectin, integrins, and chemokines (CXCL10)

101
Q

LFA-1 and ICAM1 function?

A

stable arrest on HEV in lymph node

102
Q

What is needed for mobilization of effecto T cells?

103
Q

Endothelial cells secrete

A

E and P selectins and Hyaluronic acid

104
Q

what does hyaluronic acid bind?

A

CD44 for T cells

105
Q

What does chemokind signaling via GPCRs result in?

A

increased integrin affinity such as VLA-4

106
Q

CD55 and HA may also trigger/

A

GPCR dependent inside out signaling upregulation of VLA-4VCAM binding

107
Q

how do immature B cells migrate through the blood?

A

enter the red pulp of the spleen, migrate to periphery of the white pulp

108
Q

WHat do B cells express as they mature?

A

CXCR5, which promotes their movement into the white pulp

109
Q

What promotes B cell movement into white pulp?

110
Q

Homing process for B cells into LN involves?

A

CXCL12, CCL19/CCL21 with chemokine receptors CXCR$ and CCR7 on naïve B cells

111
Q

B cells migrate into follicles driven by ?

A

CXCL13 recognized by CXCR5 expressed on navie B cells

112
Q

ICAM

A

intracellular adhesion molecules

113
Q

Glycam

A

glycan bearing cell adhesion molecule

114
Q

LFA

A

leukocyte function associtated antigetn

115
Q

VCAm

A

vascular cell adhesion molecues

116
Q

madcam

A

mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecules

117
Q

integrins response to intracellular signals by?

A

rapidly increasing their affinity

118
Q

activation of integrin causes?

A

conformational changes

119
Q

what controls transmigration of monocytes

A

CCL2, MCP1

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