Ochem day 6 Flashcards
electron withdrawing groups decreases basicity…
amines
Amines
electron donating groups increase basisty/nucleophilicity
amide formation
2 eq RNH2
Amide formation w nitrous acid
HCL, NaNO2 Odegrees
Alkylatioin
SN2 CH3Br…. adds Ch3’s too the NH3 group
Hofmann elimination
XS CH3I, Ag2O and H2O…. adds CH3 to N that has ethyl on each side
monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
oligosaccharides
sucrose (glucose and fructose) and lactose (glucose and galactose) are disacharides
polysaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
Dvs L sugars
D- OH on Right…. L OH on Left…..
aldose vs ketose
aldose double bond on end…. ketose double bond in middle..
pentose vs hexose
5 vs 6 member ring
furanose vs pyranose
furanose, is 5 with O… Pyranose is 6 with O
acetal vs hemi acetals
Acety.. has OR and OR group… Hemi has OR and OH group
anomeric carbon
a sterocenter can point up or down…alpha down… beta up
epimers
differ in only one sterogenic center… everything else is the same… very similar
reduing sugars….
CuSO4, base… adding an OH to the top…
amino acid sequence
primary structure
held together by H bonds in the backbone… alpha and beta
secondary structure
organization of secondary structure… in globular proteins, hydrophobic residues are sequestered in the interior of the protein while hydrophobic residues are on the outer surface…. disulfide bonds btw cysteine residues
tertiary structure
quarternary structure
interattions of multiple subunits (seperate peptide chains) as in hemoglobin
Cholestrol
membrane fluididty, steroid precurser
Terpenes
isoprene, menthol, viatmin A,
Purines
adenine and guanosine
pytimidies
cytidine, thymidine, and uracil
ATP
3 phosphates, base, and adenine. + water
ADP
2 phosphates, base and adenine,
