Panniculitis Flashcards
Panniculitis
inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, can be divided by location either septal or lobular. Easily mistaken for cellulitis
Erythema Nodosum
most common form of panniculitis, females more common in 30s-40s, delayed response to an antigen
Antigens for EN
bacteria, viruses, chemicals… can also be idiopathic (most common) in 55% of cases
Common causes of EN
upper resp strep infections, bacterial gastroenteritis, coccidiodomycosis, Sarcoidosis, IBD
drugs causing EN
estrogen, sulfa, PCN
Clinical features of Erythema Nodosum
tender erythem nodules, bilaterally on shins, thighs, forearms. No ulcers. Lesions last days to weeks leaving bruise discoloration that eventually resolves
Recurrence with EN
33% can recur, common annually with the idiopathic kind
Chronic forms of EN
subacute nodular migratory panniculitis, erythema nodosum migrans
lesion spreading in EN
start as a classic nodule and can migrate centrifugally (away from the center of the body). they demonstrate central clearing
Pathology EN
prominent neutrophils, Miescher microgranulomas may be present - collection of macrophages
Tx EN
assess med list, if they are on one commonly a/w EN, D/c it. Treat underlying diseases but will not shorten course of EN, bedrest w legs elevated, NSAIDs for pain
Potassium Iodide
adults 150mg TID and taper up, bitter taste, dilute in juice, s/e nausea, headache, urticaria. can affect thyroid. Not for pregnancy will lead to goiter
Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
genetic error in alpha antitrypsin which controls proteases, activates lymphocytes and macrophages that attack subcutaneous fat –> panniculitis
Pathogenesis of low alpha 1 antitrypsin
activates lymphocytes and macrophages that attack subcutaneous fat. Can be caused by trauma or in post partum patients
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency symptoms
very large, erythematous tender nodules and plaques on the lower legs, flank, buttocks, thighs. Ulcerations occur - deep, necrotic. Oily discharge. –> scarring, atrophy
Pathology Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
neutrophillic inflammation of the panniculus –> necrosis, destruction of fat lobules, “skip factors” where fat lobules are next to necrotic areas