Panniculitis Flashcards

1
Q

Panniculitis

A

inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, can be divided by location either septal or lobular. Easily mistaken for cellulitis

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2
Q

Erythema Nodosum

A

most common form of panniculitis, females more common in 30s-40s, delayed response to an antigen

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3
Q

Antigens for EN

A

bacteria, viruses, chemicals… can also be idiopathic (most common) in 55% of cases

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4
Q

Common causes of EN

A

upper resp strep infections, bacterial gastroenteritis, coccidiodomycosis, Sarcoidosis, IBD

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5
Q

drugs causing EN

A

estrogen, sulfa, PCN

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6
Q

Clinical features of Erythema Nodosum

A

tender erythem nodules, bilaterally on shins, thighs, forearms. No ulcers. Lesions last days to weeks leaving bruise discoloration that eventually resolves

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7
Q

Recurrence with EN

A

33% can recur, common annually with the idiopathic kind

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8
Q

Chronic forms of EN

A

subacute nodular migratory panniculitis, erythema nodosum migrans

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9
Q

lesion spreading in EN

A

start as a classic nodule and can migrate centrifugally (away from the center of the body). they demonstrate central clearing

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10
Q

Pathology EN

A

prominent neutrophils, Miescher microgranulomas may be present - collection of macrophages

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11
Q

Tx EN

A

assess med list, if they are on one commonly a/w EN, D/c it. Treat underlying diseases but will not shorten course of EN, bedrest w legs elevated, NSAIDs for pain

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12
Q

Potassium Iodide

A

adults 150mg TID and taper up, bitter taste, dilute in juice, s/e nausea, headache, urticaria. can affect thyroid. Not for pregnancy will lead to goiter

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13
Q

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

A

genetic error in alpha antitrypsin which controls proteases, activates lymphocytes and macrophages that attack subcutaneous fat –> panniculitis

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of low alpha 1 antitrypsin

A

activates lymphocytes and macrophages that attack subcutaneous fat. Can be caused by trauma or in post partum patients

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15
Q

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency symptoms

A

very large, erythematous tender nodules and plaques on the lower legs, flank, buttocks, thighs. Ulcerations occur - deep, necrotic. Oily discharge. –> scarring, atrophy

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16
Q

Pathology Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

A

neutrophillic inflammation of the panniculus –> necrosis, destruction of fat lobules, “skip factors” where fat lobules are next to necrotic areas

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17
Q

ddx Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

A

ulcerated areas can appear as PG, trauma, infection, pancreatitis, erythema induratum

18
Q

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency tx

A

replacing alpha 1 antitrypsin via infusion, 60mg/kg weekly x 3-7 weeks, plasma exchange, no alcohol

19
Q

Erythema Induratum

A

panniculitis commonly associated with tuberculosis but can be caused by drugs or other infections, seen in females 30-40

20
Q

Pathogenesis Erythema Induratum

A

type 4 cell mediated response to an antigen like TB, hep C, meds like propylthiouracil (PTU)

21
Q

Erythema Induratum clinical features

A

tender nodules that are erythematous to violaceous, common on the calves, commonly ulcerate, heals with a scar

22
Q

Pathology Erythema Induratum

A

inlammation of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, giant cells, vasculitis, possibly necrosis

23
Q

Erythema Induratum tx

A

treat the underlying condition if it can be identified, supportive socks, oral steroids, NSAIDs, potassium iodide

24
Q

Lipodermatosclerosis

A

sclerosing type of panniculitis on the lower legs of middle ages to older females

25
Q

pathogenesis lipdermatosclerosis

A

venous insuff, leaking fibrinogen from capillaries, fibrin cuffs around vessels interfering with o2 exchange

26
Q

lipdermatosclerosis clinical features – acute phase

A

increase warmth, pain and induration of the medial lower leg above the malleolus or the pannus of the abdomen

27
Q

lipdermatosclerosis – clinical features, chronic phase

A

sclerosis of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue that may be demarcated from adjacent normal skin, lower leg may have an “inverted wine bottle”

28
Q

lipdermatosclerosis tx

A

leg elevation, consistent compression to control the leg edema

29
Q

Pancreatic Panniculitis

A

very rare, 2% of those with pancreatitis, felt to be autoimmune but the panc. enzymes – lipase, amylase, trypsin, interplay with fat necrosis. precedes abd symptoms

30
Q

Pancreatic Panniculitis clinical features

A

subcutaneous nodules that are erythematous, edematous and painful on the legs usually but can be on the arms, chest, abd, scalp. lesions become purulent, ulcerate and discharge an oily substance

31
Q

Schmids Triad with Pancreatitis Panniculitis

A

subcutaneous nodules, polyarthritis, eosinophilia

32
Q

Pathology Pancreatitis Panniculitis

A

bx must be deep enough to contain the subcutaneous fat, early will have fat necrosis and ghost cells, late will show lipoatrophy

33
Q

dx feature characteristic of pancreatitis panniculitis

A

pancreatitis, ghost cells

34
Q

tx Pancreatitis Panniculitis

A

resolve pancreatitis

35
Q

Infection-Induced Panniculitis

A

Directly induced by an infectious agent like bacteria, mycobacteriam, borrelia, fungus, more common in immunocompromised

36
Q

Pathogenesis infection induced panniculitis

A

direct inoculation of the infectious agent

37
Q

clinical features Infection-Induced Panniculitis

A

local edema, erythema, fluctiant nodules that may ulcerate and drain,common on legs and feet

38
Q

pathology Infection-Induced Panniculitis

A

neutrophils, necrosis of lymphocytes, eccrine gland involvement, c&s is needed

39
Q

tx Infection-Induced Panniculitis

A

antimicrobials based on the c&s

40
Q

Traumatic Panniculitis

A

due to external injury 4 types: cold panniculitis, sclerosing