Pancreas

Question 1

What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?

Answer 1

Tail, body, neck, head, uncinate process

Question 2

What is the arterial supply to the body and tail of the pancreas?

Answer 2

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

Question 3

What is the arterial supply to the head, neck and body of the pancreas?

Answer 3

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the gastroduodenal

Question 4

What is the arterial supply to the head and uncinate process of the pancreas?

Answer 4

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from superior mesenteric

Question 5

What is the venous drainage from the body, neck and tail of the pancreas?

Answer 5

Splenic vein

Question 6

What is the venous drainage from the head and uncinate process of the pancreas?

Answer 6

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 7

At what week does insulin secretion begin?

Answer 7

Week 20

Question 8

What parts of the pancreas does the dorsal bud give rise to?

Answer 8

Part of the head, neck, body and tail

Question 9

What parts of the pancreas does the ventral bud give rise to?

Answer 9

Part of the head and the uncinaste process

Question 10

What do PP cells secrete?

Answer 10

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 11

What do alpha cells secrete?

Answer 11

Glucagon

Question 12

What do beta cells secrete?

Answer 12

Insulin

Question 13

What do delta cells secrete?

Answer 13

Somatostatin

Question 14

What are the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?

Answer 14

HCO3-, Zymogens, Digestive enzymes

Question 15

What is the role of HCO3-?

Answer 15

Neutralises chyme in the duodenum

Question 16

What stimulates HCO3- release?

Answer 16

Secretin

Question 17

What are the roles of zymogens?

Answer 17

Exist to protect pancreatic cells from autodigestion

Question 18

What is the key enzyme in activating zymogens?

Answer 18

Enterokinase

Question 19

What digestive enzymes are released by the pancreas?

Answer 19

Pancreatic lipase, trypsin, alpha amylase

Question 20

What inhibits the release of digestive enzymes?

Answer 20

Somatostatin

Question 21

What stimulates the release of digestive enzymes?

Answer 21

CCK

Question 22

What percentage of islet cells are alpha cells?

Answer 22

20%

Question 23

What percentage of islet cells are beta cells?

Answer 23

75%

Question 24

What percentage of islet cells are delta cells?

Answer 24

4%

Question 25

By what transporter does glucose normally enter the cell?

Answer 25

GLUT-2

Question 26

What does excess ATP within the cell cause?

Answer 26

Closing of the kATP channel, causing depolarisation, thus opening of the voltage gated Ca2+ channels

Question 27

What does an influx of Ca2+ in the cell cause?

Answer 27

Activation of insulin gene expression via CREB, and exocytosis of stored insulin

Question 28

What does binding of insulin to the insulin receptor cause within the cell?

Answer 28

Translocation of GLUT4, cell growth, protein synthesis, glycogen synthesis, glucose transport

Question 29

What is the average blood glucose levels?

Answer 29

About 99 mg/100ml