Hyper/hypo Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypernatraemia?

A

High sodium

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2
Q

What is hyperkalaemia?

A

High potassium

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3
Q

What is hypercalcaemia?

A

High calcium

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4
Q

What are the causes of hypernatraemia?

A

Renal failure, sodium excess, osmotic diuresis, diabetes insipidus = WATER DEFICIT

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5
Q

What are the consequences of hypernatraemia?

A

Cerebral intracellular dehydration as water leaves by osmosis

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6
Q

What are the causes of hyponatraemia?

A

Diursesis, Addison’s disease, excess IV fluids and oedema

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7
Q

What are the consequences of hyponatraemia?

A

Intracellular over hydration, hypotension due to osmosis, headache

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8
Q

What are the causes of hyperkalaemia?

A

Renal failure, diuretics/ ACE inhibitors, Addison’s disease, acidosis

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9
Q

What are the consequences of hyperkalaemia?

A

Risk of myocardial infarction

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10
Q

What are the causes of hypokalaemia?

A

Diarrhoea, vomitting, alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia

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11
Q

What are the consequences of hypokalaemia?

A

Weakness and cardiac dysrhythmia

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12
Q

What are the causes of hypercalcaemia?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism, skeletal metastases, vit D toxicity and TB

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13
Q

What are the consequences of hypercalcaemia?

A

Metastatic calcification and kidney stones

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14
Q

What are the causes of hypocalcaemia?

A

Renal disease, vit D deficiency, intestinal malabsorption

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15
Q

What are the consequences of hypocalcaemia?

A

Tetany (spasms)

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