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CHEM 123 > P3.1. Amino Acids > Flashcards

P3.1. Amino Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino Acid is an organic compound that contains both an ____ and ____ attached to the ____ carbon atom.

A
  1. AMINO GROUP
  2. CARBOXYL GROUP
  3. SAME
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2
Q

The position of carbon atom is ____.

A

Alpha (a)

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3
Q

-COOH and -NH2 groups were attached at the ____.

A

alpha (a) carbon atom

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4
Q

-R group or the side chain varies in?

there are 7 s s c a f h c

A
  1. size
  2. shape
  3. charge
  4. acidity
  5. functional groups present
  6. hydrogen-binding ability
  7. chemical reactivity
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5
Q

there are ____ amino acids known.

A

> 700

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6
Q

the 20 standard amino acids have common ____.

A

R groups/ side chains

they are the ones who distinguishes what type of amino acid is present.

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7
Q

@ a pH of 7.4:
1. -COOH ____ Hydrogen Ions
2. -NH2 ____ Hydrogen Ions

A
  1. looses
  2. receives
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8
Q
  • they are HYDROPHOBIC [water-fearing] Amino Acids.
  • SUBTYPES: Alkyl, Aromatic
A

Non-Polar Amino Acids

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9
Q

3 AROMATIC Non-polar Amino Acids:

A
  1. Phenylalanine
  2. Tryptophan
  3. Tyrosine
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10
Q

there are ____ out of 20 Non-Polar Amino Acids.

A

8

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11
Q
  • they are HYDROPHILIC [water-loving] Amino Acids.
  • SUBTYPES: Neutral, Acidic, Basic
A

Polar Amino Acids

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12
Q

There is no ____ inside proteins.

A

polarity

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13
Q

R groups are ____.

A

Polar

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14
Q

Three types of Amino Acids:

A
  1. Polar-neutral
  2. Polar acidic
  3. Polar basic
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15
Q
  • contains polar but neutral side chains
  • 6 amino acids belong in this category
  • they can interact w/ water
  • capable of forming hydrogen bonds

they contain HYDROXY AMINE ACIDS due to the alcohol group express in their chains.

A

Polar-Neutral

  • Serine
  • Threonine
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16
Q
  • contain carboxyl group as part of the side chains.
  • 2 amino acids belong to this category
A

Polar Acidic

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17
Q
  • Contain amino group as part of the side chain
  • 3 amino acids belong to this category
  • ionic amino acids
A

Polar Basic

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18
Q

4 Classification of Amino Acids:

A
  1. R group/ Side chain & ring structure present
  2. Reaction in solution or charge
  3. Number of amino or carboxyl groups present
  4. Nutritional Importance
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19
Q

7 components under R group/ Side chain & ring structure present:

A
  1. Aliphatic side chain
  2. Hydroxyl groups
  3. Sulfur atoms
  4. Acidic groups or their amides
  5. Basic groups
  6. Aromatic rings
  7. Imino acids
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20
Q

w/ ALIPHATIC SIDE CHAINS:

A

GLYCINE
ALANINE
VALINE
LEUCINE
ISOLEUCINE

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21
Q

w/ HYRDROXYL GROUPS

A

Serine
Threonine

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22
Q

w/ SULFUR ATOMS

A

Cysteine
Cystine
Methionine

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23
Q

w/ ACIDIC GROUPS/AMIDES

A

Asparagine
Glutamine
Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid

24
Q

w/ BASIC GROUPS

A

Histidine
Lysine
Hydroxy Lysine
Arginine

25
Q

w/ AROMATIC RINGS

A

Phenyalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

26
Q

w/ IMINO ACIDS

A

Proline
Hydroxy Proline

27
Q

the reaction in solution or charge:

A

a. acidic: aspartic acid & glutamic acid
b. basic: arginine, lysine & histidine
c. neutral

28
Q

the number of amino and carboxyl groups present:

A

Mono-amino mono-carboxylic acid (Glycine)
Mono-amino dicarboxylic acid (Glutamate)

29
Q

Nutritional Importance of Amino Acids:

A

Essential Amino Acids
Non-essential Amino Acids

30
Q
  • amino acids that are not synthesized in our bodies.

its examples:

A

Essential Amino Acids

methionine
arginine
tryptophan

31
Q
  • amino acids that are synthesized in our bodies.
A

Non-essential Amino Acids

32
Q

Properties of Amino Acids:

A
  1. Optical Isomerism
  2. Acid-base or Charge Properties of Amino Acids
33
Q
  • Standard Amino Acid that is not optically active
  • its R group is Hydrogen
A

Glycine

34
Q

Chiral centers exhibit ____.

A

enantiomerism (left- and right-handed forms)

35
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Each of the 19 amino acids exist in left and right handed forms.

A

TRUE

36
Q
  1. preferred form when it comes to AMINO ACIDS
  2. preferred from when it comes to CARBOHYDRATES
A
  1. L-isomers/ type
  2. D-isomers/ type
37
Q

rules for drawing Fischer projection formulas for amino acid structures:

A

1) -COOH = TOP
2) -R group = BOTTOM
3) -NH2 = LEFT [L-somer] or RIGHT [D-isomer]

38
Q

Three different species in an AMINO ACID solution:

A

ZWITTERION
Positive Ion
Negative Ion

39
Q

Equilibrium shifts when there is a change in ____.

A

pH

40
Q
  • pH at which the net charge is zero
  • net charge is zero
A

Isoelectric point (pI)

41
Q

Different amino acids have ____ isoelectric points.

A

different

42
Q

At isoelectric point - amino acids are ____ towards an applied electric field because their ____.

A
  1. not attracted
  2. net charge is zero
43
Q

Cysteine is the only amino acid with a ____ group.

A

SULFHYDRYL GROUP (-SH group)

44
Q

imparts cysteine a chemical property unique among the standard amino acids.

A

sulfhydryl group

45
Q

this amino acid when in the presence of mild oxidizing agents dimerizes to form a cystine molecule

DIMERIZES: combine with a similar molecule to form a dimer.

A

Cysteine

46
Q

Cystine - two cysteine residues linked via a ____.

A

covalent disulfide bond

47
Q

3 TYPES PEPTIDES:

A

Dipeptide: bond between two amino acids
Oligopeptide: bond between 10 - 20 amino acids
Polypeptide: bond between large number of amino acids

48
Q

Every peptide has an ____-terminal end and a ____-terminal end

A
  1. N
  2. C
49
Q

contain the same amino acids but present in different order are different molecules (constitutional isomers) with different properties

A

ISOMERIC PEPTIDES

50
Q

length of the peptide chains increases…

A

number of isomeric peptides increases [rapidly]…

51
Q

small peptides that are biochemically active

A

Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Antioxidants

52
Q

Best-known peptide hormones

A

OXYTOCIN
VASOPRESSIN

53
Q

Oxytocin and Vasopressin:
1. are produce in?
2. stored in?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. posterior pituitary gland
54
Q

Hormones are:
____ with six of the residues held in the form of a loop by a ____ formed between two cysteine residues

A
  1. nonapeptide (nine amino acid residues)
  2. disulfide bond
55
Q
  • are pentapeptide neurotransmitters produced by the brain and bind receptor within the brain
  • reduces pain.
A

Enkephalins

56
Q

Best-known enkephalins:

A

Met-enkephalin
Leu-enkephalin

Met-enkephalin: Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–Met
Leu-enkephalin: Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–Leu

CHEM 123 (46 decks)

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