M2.3. Protein Synthesis (overview)

Question 1

Protein synthesis is directly under the direction of?

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

are responsible for the formation of skin, hair, enzymes, hormones, and so on

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

Two Phases of Protein Synthesis:

Answer 3

1. Transcription
2. Translation

DNA - TRANSCRIPTION - RNA - TRANSLATION - PROTEIN

Question 4

process by which DNA directs the synthesis of mRNA molecules

Answer 4

Transcription

Question 5

process in which mRNA is deciphered to synthesize a protein molecule

Answer 5

Translation

Question 6

Types of RNA molecules:

hmsrt

• acts as primers for the DNA formation.
• link together by PHOSPHODIESTER LINKAGES.

Answer 6

1. Heterogenous nuclear RNA [hnRNA]
2. Messenger RNA [mRNA]
3. . Small Nuclear RNA [snRNA]
4. . Ribosomal RNA [rRNA]
5. . Transfer RNA [tRNA]

RNA

Question 7

• Carries instructions for protein synthesis (genetic information) from DNA
• its molecular mass varies with the length of the protein

Answer 7

Messenger RNA

Question 8

• Facilitates the conversion of hnRNA to mRNA
• Contains from 100 to 200 nucleotides

Answer 8

Small nuclear RNA

Question 9

Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes

• the physical site for protein synthesis
• have molecular masses on the order of 3 million

Answer 9

Ribosomal RNA

Ribosomes

Question 10

• Delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis
• the smallest RNA [75-90 nucleotides]

Answer 10

Transfer RNA