M2.7. Mutation, Nucleic Acids & Viruses, Vaccines

Question 1

An error in base sequence reproduced during DNA replication

Errors in genetic information is passed on during ____.

Answer 1

Mutation

transcription

Question 2

Mutation can cause changes in an ____ sequence during protein synthesis and theirby alter protein function.

Answer 2

amino acid

Question 3

Mutations are caused by?

Answer 3

Mutagens

Question 4

a substance or agent that causes a change in the structure of a gene

Answer 4

Mutagen

Question 5

Two important types of Mutagens:

Answer 5

1. radiation
2. chemical agents

Question 6

They are mutagenic - they cause cancer.

Answer 6

1. UV
2. X-ray
3. radioactivity
4. cosmic radiation

Question 7

True or False?

Chemical agents cannot have mutagenic effects.

HNO2 can convert cytosine to ____.

Answer 7

False.
They can also have mutagenic effects.

uracil

Question 8

can form nitrous acid in cell

Answer 8

nitrites
nitrates
nitrosamines

Question 9

Under normal conditions mutations are repaired by ____.

Answer 9

repair enzymes

Question 10

• Tiny disease causing agents with outer protein envelope and inner nucleic acid core
• They can not reproduce outside their host cells (living organisms)
• Invade their host cells to reproduce and in the process disrupt the normal cell’s operation

Answer 10

Virus

Question 11

Virus invades:

Answer 11

bacteria
plants
animals
humans

Question 12

• Inactive virus or bacterial envelope
• Antibodies produced against inactive viral or bacterial envelopes will kill the active bacteria and viruses

Answer 12

Vaccines