Ovarian germ cell tumors

Question 1

Ovarian germ cell tumors

Answer 1

Most common in adolescents

1) dysgerminoma
2) choriocarcinoma
3) yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
4) teratoma

Question 2

Dysgerminoma

Answer 2

Malignant, equivalent to male seminoma but rarer
(1% in female vs. 30% in females)

Sheets of uniform cells

Associated with TURNER’s

Question 3

Dysgerminoma: tumor markers

Answer 3

hCG and LDH

Question 4

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 4

Rare but malignant;
can develop during or after pregnancy in mother or baby

Malignancy of trophoblastic tissue W/O chorionic villi
Increased frequency of theca-lutein cysts.
Comprises spectrum of gestation trophoblastic neoplasia (along with moles).

Question 5

Choriocarcinoma: tumor marker and metastasis

Answer 5

hCG

Early hematogenous spread to lungs

Question 6

Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

Answer 6

Aggressive malignancy in ovaries (testes in boys)
and sacrococcygeal area of young children.

Yellow, friable, solid masses

Question 7

Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor: marker and histology

Answer 7

AFP

Schillar-Duval bodies (resemble glomeruli)

Question 8

Teratoma

Answer 8

90% of ovarian germ cell tumor

Contain 2 or 3 germ layers

Question 9

Teratoma: types

Answer 9

1) Mature (dermoid cyst): most common benign ovarian germ cell tumor; mostly benign.
2) Immature: aggressively maligant
3) Struma ovarir: contains functional thyroid tissue, can present as hyperthyroidism.