outline of disease process Flashcards
whats the definition of cancer
mass, tumour growth
whats the differece between cancer and normal cells
cancer cells: loss of contact inhibition increase in growth factor increase in oncogene expression loss of tumour supressor gene
normal:
oncogene expression is rare
intermittent or co-ordinated growth factor secretion
prescence of tumour suprreswsent gene
whats the progression to cancer?
carcinogen, initiation, promotion, tumor, growth, progression
what are the causes of initiation
chemical, physical, viral
what are the causes of promotion
growth factors, oncogenes
what is the factor of progression
metastasis
what are examples of chemical carcinogens
bladder cancer, liver, leukemia
what are physical carcinogens
chromosome translocation, gene amplification, oncogene activation
what is oncogenes
transforming genes, positive regulators of growth and represent a gain in function to transformed cells
what are growth factors
polypeptide molecules, regulate growth and function, bind to cell membrane receptors
whats the most commonly altered gene in human tumours
p53
what are characteristics of metastasis
not random
cascade of limited sequential steps
involves tumour host interaction
survival of the fittest
where does the tumour invade through
basement membrane
what is angiogenesis
formation of new blood vessels
what kind of tumour is maintained and progressed in angiogenesis
malignant
