adverse drug reactions Flashcards
whats the definsition of adverse drug reactions
Any response to a drug which is noxious, unintended and occurs at doses used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment
what is the classification of ADRs
Type A Augmented Type B Bizarre Type C Chronic Type D Delayed Type E End of treatment Type F Failure of treatment
what are type A reactions
predictable and dose dependent
what are the reasons for type A ADRs
too high a dose, pharmocokinetic variation and pharmocodynamic variation
what are type B reactions
Bizarre Unpredictable Rare Cause serious illness or death Unidentified for months or years Unrelated to the dose Not readily reversed
what is idiosyncratic
Inherent abnormal response to a drug
what is type C effects
This type of ADR is related to the duration of treatment as well as the dose and does not occur with a single dose.
Semi-predictable
Iatrogenic Cushings disease
Steroid induced osteoporosis
Opiate dependence
Tardive dyskinesia with neuroleptic drugs
Analgesic nephropathy due to paracetamol or NSAIDs
what are type D effects
These adverse effects occur a long time after treatment
Teratogenesis
Carcinogenesis
whats teratogenesis
Abnormal congenital malformations in the fetus following in utero exposure due to maternal medication use during 1st trimester of pregnancy
what are type E effects
Adverse effects which occur when a drug treatment is stopped especially suddenly following long-term use
Unstable angina and MI when beta blockers are stopped.
Addisonian crisis when long term steroids are suddenly stopped
Withdrawal seizures when anti-epileptics are stopped
Alcohol
what is Rebound Phenomena
Occur when a drug is suddenly withdrawn
type F effects
Failure of therapy
Common
Dose related
Frequently caused by drug interactions
what are the steps of diagnosis
Step 1: Differential diagnosis
Step2: Medication History [past & present]
Step 3: Assess time of onset and dose relationship
Step 4: Laboratory investigations
Plasma concentration measurement
Allergy tests
