estimating risk of inherited disease

Question 1

what does fitness mean

Answer 1

ability of organisms to survive (long enough) to pass on their genes

Question 2

what are 2 examples of recessive diseases

Answer 2

sickle cell disease and thalassaemia

Question 3

what does non-random mating lead to

Answer 3

increase mutant alleles, thereby increasing proportion of affected homozygotes.

Question 4

what is Assortative mating

Answer 4

Choosing of partners due to shared characteristics

Question 5

what is Consanguinity

Answer 5

Marriage between close blood relatives.

Question 6

whats involved in founder effects

Answer 6

Physical or cultural isolation

Question 7

whats natural selection

Answer 7

A gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population.

Question 8

whats involved in Negative selection

Answer 8

Reduces reproductive fitness.

• decreases the prevalence of traits.
• leads to gradual reduction of mutant allele.

Question 9

whats involved in Positive selection

Answer 9

Increases reproductive fitness.

• Increases the prevalence of adaptive traits.
• Heterozygote advantage.

Question 10

whats Genetic drift:

Answer 10

Random fluctuation of one allele transmitted to high proportion of offspring by chance.

Question 11

whats Founder effect:

Answer 11

The reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony.