drug distribution

Question 1

how can a drug be active

Answer 1

drug must leave the blood stream and enter the inter or intracellular spaces

Question 2

what does drug distrubution refer to

Answer 2

Reversible Transfer of a Drug between the Blood and the Extra Vascular Fluids and Tissues of the body

Question 3

what protiens in the plasma does drugs bind to

Answer 3

albumin or alpha 1 glycoprotien

Question 4

why s therapeutic range useful?

Answer 4

shows when drug is toxic and when drug is inefective

Question 5

what are the three important things when considering drug distribution

Answer 5

volume of distribution, clearance and half-life.

Question 6

what is volume of distribution

Answer 6

volume of plasma that would be necessary to account for the total amount of drug in a patient’s body

Question 7

the greater the Vd the …… the ability of the drug to diffuse into and through membranes

Answer 7

greater

Question 8

how many litres should be put in if its highly protien bound

Answer 8

3l

Question 9

how many litres should be put in if it stays in extracellular fluid but can not penetrate cells?

Answer 9

12

Question 10

what is clearance

Answer 10

theoretical volume from which drug is completely removed over a period of time

Question 11

what does renal clearamce depend on

Answer 11

concentration and urine flow rate

Question 12

what does hepatic clearance depend on?

Answer 12

metabolism and biliary excretion

Question 13

define the term half life

Answer 13

the time taken for the drug concentration in the blood to decline to half of the current value

Question 14

what does half life depend on

Answer 14

Half life depends on the volume of distribution and rate of clearance.

Question 15

what happens if you prolong the half life

Answer 15

increase of toxicity

Question 16

what are the 2 parts of drug elimination

Answer 16

drug metabolism and drug excretion

Question 17

what is the primary organ for drug excretion

Answer 17

kidneys

Question 18

what are the three principle mechanisms for excretion

Answer 18

glomerular filteration
passive tubular reabsorption
active tubular secretion

Question 19

what is Glomerular filtration

Answer 19

the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney

Question 20

what is tubulr secretion

Answer 20

Tubular secretion is the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen

Question 21

whats the most important system for eliminating protien bound cationic and anionic drugs?

Answer 21

active tubular secretion

Question 22

what is enter-hepatic circulation

Answer 22

drugs that are reabsorbed from the bile into the circulation