antimicrobial chemotherapy mechanism of action Flashcards
what does Bactericidal kill
antimicrobial that
kills bacteria
when is an organism sensitive
if its inhibited or killed ny the antimicrobial available at the site of infection
what is MBC
Minimal bactericidal concentration minimum concentration of antimicrobial
needed to kill a given organism.
what is MIC
Minimal inhibitory concentration
minimum concentration of antimicrobial
needed to inhibit growth
of a given organism.
what is Bacteriostatic
antimicrobial that inhibits growth
of bacteria
(erythromycin)
when is an organism Resistant
organism is resistant if it is not killed or inhibited by the antimicrobial available at the
site of infection.
what is a topical route of administration
Applied to a surface
what is a systemic route of administration
Taken internally,
what is a parenteral route of administration
Administered intra-venously (iv)
or intra-muscularly (im),
occasionally subcutaneously.
what are the three areas of metabolic activity
Inhibition of
cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of
nucleic acid synthesis
Inhibition of
protein synthesis
(eg, gentamicin & erythromycin)
why are human cells not affected by antibiotics
because they dont have cell walls
what are the two types of B- lactamase action
benzyl penicillin and cephalosporins
do glycopeptides penetrate gram negative or gram positive organisms
gram positive organisms
which drug is common for toxicity
vancomycin
what would you use for patients that are allergic to penicillin
macrolides
what would you use for the treatment of gram positive infections
penicilin
how would you give linezolid
orally
what does aggregation of daptomycin alter the curvature of?
membrane
what does daptomycin do?
novel agent recently introduced
with activity against Gram positives
in general and MRSA in particular.
how does antibiotics inhibit DNA synthesis
interrupting the supply of precursors for DNA synthesis
what is trimethoprim used for?
uti
what are the 5 inhibitors of protein synthesis
aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, cyclic lipopeptide
what is an inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis
flouroquinolones
what kind of gram is flouroquinolones effective against
gram negative
how do you take flouroquinoles
orally and parenterally
why cant flouroquinoles not be used with children
interferes with the cartilage growth
what are the types of resistance
inherent or intrinsic
what is streptococci resistant to?
aminoglycosides
what is gram negative organisms resistant to?
vancomycin
what are the two basic ways in which resistance is acquired
spontaneous mutation and spread of resistance
what are B- lactamases
bacterial enzymes which cleave the β–lactam ring of the antibiotic
and thus render it inactive
what are the two ways to combat B- lactamase
To introduce a second component to the antibiotic
(β-lactamase inhibitor) protecting the antibiotic
from enzymatic degradation
To modify the antibiotic side chain producing new antibiotic resistant to the actions of β-lactamase.
what is flucloxacillin
modified form of penicillin.
