antimicrobial chemotherapy mechanism of action

Question 1

what does Bactericidal kill

Answer 1

antimicrobial that

kills bacteria

Question 2

when is an organism sensitive

Answer 2

if its inhibited or killed ny the antimicrobial available at the site of infection

Question 3

what is MBC

Answer 3

Minimal bactericidal concentration minimum concentration of antimicrobial
needed to kill a given organism.

Question 4

what is MIC

Answer 4

Minimal inhibitory concentration
minimum concentration of antimicrobial
needed to inhibit growth
of a given organism.

Question 5

what is Bacteriostatic

Answer 5

antimicrobial that inhibits growth
of bacteria
(erythromycin)

Question 6

when is an organism Resistant

Answer 6

organism is resistant if it is not killed or inhibited by the antimicrobial available at the
site of infection.

Question 7

what is a topical route of administration

Answer 7

Applied to a surface

Question 8

what is a systemic route of administration

Answer 8

Taken internally,

Question 9

what is a parenteral route of administration

Answer 9

Administered intra-venously (iv)
or intra-muscularly (im),
occasionally subcutaneously.

Question 10

what are the three areas of metabolic activity

Answer 10

Inhibition of
cell wall synthesis

Inhibition of
nucleic acid synthesis

Inhibition of
protein synthesis
(eg, gentamicin & erythromycin)

Question 11

why are human cells not affected by antibiotics

Answer 11

because they dont have cell walls

Question 12

what are the two types of B- lactamase action

Answer 12

benzyl penicillin and cephalosporins

Question 13

do glycopeptides penetrate gram negative or gram positive organisms

Answer 13

gram positive organisms

Question 14

which drug is common for toxicity

Answer 14

vancomycin

Question 15

what would you use for patients that are allergic to penicillin

Answer 15

macrolides

Question 16

what would you use for the treatment of gram positive infections

Answer 16

penicilin

Question 17

how would you give linezolid

Answer 17

orally

Question 18

what does aggregation of daptomycin alter the curvature of?

Answer 18

membrane

Question 19

what does daptomycin do?

Answer 19

novel agent recently introduced
with activity against Gram positives
in general and MRSA in particular.

Question 20

how does antibiotics inhibit DNA synthesis

Answer 20

interrupting the supply of precursors for DNA synthesis

Question 21

what is trimethoprim used for?

Answer 21

uti

Question 22

what are the 5 inhibitors of protein synthesis

Answer 22

aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, cyclic lipopeptide

Question 23

what is an inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 23

flouroquinolones

Question 24

what kind of gram is flouroquinolones effective against

Answer 24

gram negative

Question 25

how do you take flouroquinoles

Answer 25

orally and parenterally

Question 26

why cant flouroquinoles not be used with children

Answer 26

interferes with the cartilage growth

Question 27

what are the types of resistance

Answer 27

inherent or intrinsic

Question 28

what is streptococci resistant to?

Answer 28

aminoglycosides

Question 29

what is gram negative organisms resistant to?

Answer 29

vancomycin

Question 30

what are the two basic ways in which resistance is acquired

Answer 30

spontaneous mutation and spread of resistance

Question 31

what are B- lactamases

Answer 31

bacterial enzymes which cleave the β–lactam ring of the antibiotic
and thus render it inactive

Question 32

what are the two ways to combat B- lactamase

Answer 32

To introduce a second component to the antibiotic
(β-lactamase inhibitor) protecting the antibiotic
from enzymatic degradation

To modify the antibiotic side chain producing new antibiotic resistant to the actions of β-lactamase.

Question 33

what is flucloxacillin

Answer 33

modified form of penicillin.