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MD1 Neuroscience > Oral Cavity and Oropharynx (ENT 3) > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Oropharynx (ENT 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the roof of the mouth?

A

Horizontal parts of maxilla and palatine bone = hard palate
Palatine process attaches to alveolar/dental arch
Soft palate hangs off back of hard palate

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2
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Muscular flap

Forms posterior part of roof of mouth

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3
Q

What is the midline projection of the soft palate?

A

Uvula

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4
Q

What forms the floor of the mouth?

A

Mandible

Diaphragm of muscle bridging entire inferior space

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5
Q

What are the muscles in the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid

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6
Q

Where does the mylohyoid muscle attach?

A

Hyoid bone

Posterior aspect of mandible

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7
Q

What wraps around the free edge of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

One of salivary glands

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8
Q

What is superior to the mylohyoid musclee?

A

Geniohyoid

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9
Q

What is inferior to the mylohyoid muscl?

A

Digastric

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10
Q

What holds the tongue in the mouth?

A

Diaphragm muscles of floor of mouth

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11
Q

What divides the tongue into a posterior third and anterior two-thirds?

A

V shaped groove = sulcus terminalis

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12
Q

In which direction is the sulcus terminalis orientated?

A

Apex of V directed posteriorly

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13
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Depression at apex of sulcus terminalis

Where thyroid as outpouching of tongue developed and moved down in neck

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14
Q

What is located posteriorly under the nodular mucosa of the tongue?

A

Lingual tonsils

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15
Q

What are the nodules on the tongue called?

A

Papillae

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16
Q

What are the valate papillae?

A

Large papillae anterior to sulcus terminalis in single row

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17
Q

Where are the foliate papillae located?

A

Posterolaterally on tongue

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18
Q

Where are the fungiform papillae located?

A

Line rest of tongue

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19
Q

Where are the taste buds located?

A

In walls of papillae

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20
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Alter position of tongue

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21
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue attach?

A

One end inside tongue

One end outside tongue

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22
Q

What is the motor supply of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

CN XII

Except palatoglossus = pharyngeal branch of CN X

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23
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus

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24
Q

Where does the hyoglossus attach?

A

Hyoid

Tongue

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25
Q

What does the hyoglossus do?

A

Depress tongue

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26
Q

Where does the palatoglossus attach?

A

Soft palate

Tongue

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27
Q

What does the palotoglossus do?

A

Elevates tongue

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28
Q

Where does the styloglossus attach?

A

Styloid process

Tongue

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29
Q

What does the styloglossus do?

A

Retract tongue

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30
Q

Where does the genioglossus attach?

A

Genial tubercle on mandible in midline posteriorly

Tongue

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31
Q

What does the genioglossus do?

A

Pulls back of tongue forward > protrudes tongue

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32
Q

How can you detect which side a lesion in the hypoglossal nerve is?

A

When protrude tongue, because of unopposed action of unaffected genioglossus, tongue pushed to side of lesion

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33
Q

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue attach?

A

To other muscles of tongue within it only

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34
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Alter shape of the tongue by pulling against each other when they contract

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35
Q

What is the motor supply of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

CN XII

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36
Q

What is the general sensory innervation of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3 = lingual nerve = branch of CN V3

Posterior 1/3 = CN IX

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37
Q

What is the special sensory innervation of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3 = chorda tympani = branch of CN VII

Posterior 1/3 = CN IX

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38
Q

How many teeth do humans have?

39
Q

How many teeth in each arch?

A

16 in alveolar

16 in mandible

40
Q

What do the medial and lateral incisor do?

A

Flat and sharp > shearing

41
Q

What does the canine do?

A

Sharp and point > anchoring

42
Q

What do the premolars and molars do?

43
Q

How many premolars in one half do humans have?

44
Q

How many molars in one half do humans have?

45
Q

What is the wisdom tooth?

46
Q

When do wisdom teeth erupt?

A

Late in life

47
Q

Why are wisdom teeth often removed?

A

Not enough room in back of mandible so can impact on 2nd molar
Possibility for damage, infection, and pain

48
Q

What is the nerve supply of the upper teeth?

A

Superior alveolar nerves = branches of CN V2

Supply teeth from above

49
Q

What is the nerve supply of the lower teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar nerves = branches of CN V3

Supply teeth from below

50
Q

Where is pain referred to from the upper teeth?

A

Skin of cheeks

51
Q

Where is pain referred to from the lower teeth?

A

Innervation of CN V3; eg: ear

52
Q

What is the vascular supply of the teeth?

A

Branches of external carotid artery

53
Q

What do the salivary glands do?

A

Produce saliva

54
Q

What are the salivary glands associated with the oral cavity?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

55
Q

Where is the parotid gland?

A

Anterior and inferior to external auditory meatus

Superficial to massoter muscle

56
Q

Where is the duct of the parotid gland?

A

On anterior surface

57
Q

What is the route of the duct of the parotid gland into the oral cavity?

A

Over massoter muscle

Opens through cheek into oral cavity over upper 2nd molar

58
Q

Where is the submandibular gland?

A

Sits and wraps around mylohyoid posteriorly over free edge

59
Q

What are the two parts of the submandibular gland?

A

Intraoral above mylohyoid
Extraoral below mylohyoid
Connected posteriorly

60
Q

Where does the duct of the submandibular gland open into the oral cavity?

A

From intraoral part

Opens lateral to lingual frenulum

61
Q

What is the lingual frenulum?

A

Mucosa anchoring tongue to floor of mouth

62
Q

Where is the sublingual gland?

A

In floor of mouth lateral to tongue

63
Q

Where does the sublingual gland open into the oral cavity?

A

Many openings in mucosa lateral to attachments of tongue

64
Q

What are the neurovascular structures in the floor of the mouth?

A

Lingual nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Lingual arteries and veins

65
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lingual nerves and veins sitting superficially on the undersurface of the tongue?

A

Can use sublingual delivery of drugs for fast absorption

66
Q

Where does the oropharynx start?

A

From back of dental arches of maxilla and mandible

Moving posteriorly

67
Q

What is the roof of the oropharynx?

68
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

Superior constrictor

69
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue and epiglottis

70
Q

What are the lateral boundaries of the oropharynx?

A

Palatoglossal arch

71
Q

What forms the palatoglossal arch?

A

Palatoglossus

72
Q

What is the palatopharyngeal arch?

A

Attaches from soft palate to wall of pharynx

73
Q

What does the palatopharyngeal arch do?

A

Contraction pulls down soft palate/elevates pharynx

74
Q

What is the area between to two arches called?

A

Tonsillar fossa

75
Q

What does the tonsillar fossa hold?

A

Palatine tonsils

76
Q

Why are chronically inflamed palatine tonsils often removed?

A

Because compromise opening at back of mouth > can impede movement of food

77
Q

Why can pain from the middle ear be referred to the palatine tonsils?

A

Because branch of glossopharyngeal nerve supplies palatine tonsils

78
Q

Which palatal arch is posterior and which palatal arch is anterior?

A 
Posterior = palatopharyngeal
Anterior = palatoglossal
79
Q

What is the muscle of the soft palate connected by to the hard palate?

A

Palatine aponeurosis = connective tissue

80
Q

What do the muscles above the soft palate do?

A

Elevate soft palate and seal nasal cavity during swallowing

81
Q

Why is the soft palate depressed?

A

To seal oral cavity from pharynx during chewing

Allows unimpeded breathing

82
Q

What can’t you do if you can’t seal off the nasal and oral cavities?

A

Produce suction - particularly important for feeding in babies

83
Q

What are the muscles that attach to the hard palate via the palatine aponeurosis?

A 
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Musculus uvulae
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
84
Q

What is the role of the muscles around the soft palate?

A

Support its structure

Make it move

85
Q

What is the musculus uvuale?

A

Midline muscle projecting down into uvula

86
Q

What reinforces the musculus uvulae from above?

A

Tensor veli palatini

Levator veli palatini

87
Q

What are the attachments of tensor veli palatini?

A

Cartilaginous auditory tube and surrounding bones

Musculus uvulae and palatine aponeurosis

88
Q

What are the attachments of levator veli palatini?

A

Cartilaginous auditory tube and petrous part of temporal bone
Musculus uvulae and palatine aponeurosis

89
Q

What happens when the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini contract together?

A

Elevate soft palate - contribute to seal

90
Q

What do the palotoglossus and palatopharyngeal do>

A

Fix tongue and pharynx > contract > depress soft palate

91
Q

What is the motor innervation of the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Pharyngeal branches of CN X

Except for tensor veli palatini = CN V

92
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Describes tonsillar tissue guarding pharynx

93
Q

What is the role of Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Probably important in priming development of immune system particularly early in life

94
Q

What are the tonsil tissues that make up Waldeyer’s ring and what are their positions?

A

Superior = pharyngeaal
Superolateral = tubal
Lateral = palatine
Midline inferiorly = lingual

MD1 Neuroscience (55 decks)

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