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MD1 Neuroscience > Oral Cavity and Oropharynx (ENT 3) > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Oropharynx (ENT 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the roof of the mouth?

A

Horizontal parts of maxilla and palatine bone = hard palate
Palatine process attaches to alveolar/dental arch
Soft palate hangs off back of hard palate

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2
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Muscular flap

Forms posterior part of roof of mouth

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3
Q

What is the midline projection of the soft palate?

A

Uvula

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4
Q

What forms the floor of the mouth?

A

Mandible

Diaphragm of muscle bridging entire inferior space

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5
Q

What are the muscles in the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid

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6
Q

Where does the mylohyoid muscle attach?

A

Hyoid bone

Posterior aspect of mandible

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7
Q

What wraps around the free edge of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

One of salivary glands

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8
Q

What is superior to the mylohyoid musclee?

A

Geniohyoid

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9
Q

What is inferior to the mylohyoid muscl?

A

Digastric

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10
Q

What holds the tongue in the mouth?

A

Diaphragm muscles of floor of mouth

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11
Q

What divides the tongue into a posterior third and anterior two-thirds?

A

V shaped groove = sulcus terminalis

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12
Q

In which direction is the sulcus terminalis orientated?

A

Apex of V directed posteriorly

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13
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Depression at apex of sulcus terminalis

Where thyroid as outpouching of tongue developed and moved down in neck

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14
Q

What is located posteriorly under the nodular mucosa of the tongue?

A

Lingual tonsils

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15
Q

What are the nodules on the tongue called?

A

Papillae

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16
Q

What are the valate papillae?

A

Large papillae anterior to sulcus terminalis in single row

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17
Q

Where are the foliate papillae located?

A

Posterolaterally on tongue

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18
Q

Where are the fungiform papillae located?

A

Line rest of tongue

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19
Q

Where are the taste buds located?

A

In walls of papillae

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20
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Alter position of tongue

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21
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue attach?

A

One end inside tongue

One end outside tongue

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22
Q

What is the motor supply of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

CN XII

Except palatoglossus = pharyngeal branch of CN X

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23
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus

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24
Q

Where does the hyoglossus attach?

A

Hyoid

Tongue

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25
What does the hyoglossus do?
Depress tongue
26
Where does the palatoglossus attach?
Soft palate | Tongue
27
What does the palotoglossus do?
Elevates tongue
28
Where does the styloglossus attach?
Styloid process | Tongue
29
What does the styloglossus do?
Retract tongue
30
Where does the genioglossus attach?
Genial tubercle on mandible in midline posteriorly | Tongue
31
What does the genioglossus do?
Pulls back of tongue forward > protrudes tongue
32
How can you detect which side a lesion in the hypoglossal nerve is?
When protrude tongue, because of unopposed action of unaffected genioglossus, tongue pushed to side of lesion
33
Where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue attach?
To other muscles of tongue within it only
34
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Alter shape of the tongue by pulling against each other when they contract
35
What is the motor supply of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
CN XII
36
What is the general sensory innervation of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3 = lingual nerve = branch of CN V3 | Posterior 1/3 = CN IX
37
What is the special sensory innervation of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3 = chorda tympani = branch of CN VII | Posterior 1/3 = CN IX
38
How many teeth do humans have?
32
39
How many teeth in each arch?
16 in alveolar | 16 in mandible
40
What do the medial and lateral incisor do?
Flat and sharp > shearing
41
What does the canine do?
Sharp and point > anchoring
42
What do the premolars and molars do?
Grinding
43
How many premolars in one half do humans have?
2
44
How many molars in one half do humans have?
3
45
What is the wisdom tooth?
3rd molar
46
When do wisdom teeth erupt?
Late in life
47
Why are wisdom teeth often removed?
Not enough room in back of mandible so can impact on 2nd molar Possibility for damage, infection, and pain
48
What is the nerve supply of the upper teeth?
Superior alveolar nerves = branches of CN V2 | Supply teeth from above
49
What is the nerve supply of the lower teeth?
Inferior alveolar nerves = branches of CN V3 | Supply teeth from below
50
Where is pain referred to from the upper teeth?
Skin of cheeks
51
Where is pain referred to from the lower teeth?
Innervation of CN V3; eg: ear
52
What is the vascular supply of the teeth?
Branches of external carotid artery
53
What do the salivary glands do?
Produce saliva
54
What are the salivary glands associated with the oral cavity?
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
55
Where is the parotid gland?
Anterior and inferior to external auditory meatus | Superficial to massoter muscle
56
Where is the duct of the parotid gland?
On anterior surface
57
What is the route of the duct of the parotid gland into the oral cavity?
Over massoter muscle | Opens through cheek into oral cavity over upper 2nd molar
58
Where is the submandibular gland?
Sits and wraps around mylohyoid posteriorly over free edge
59
What are the two parts of the submandibular gland?
Intraoral above mylohyoid Extraoral below mylohyoid Connected posteriorly
60
Where does the duct of the submandibular gland open into the oral cavity?
From intraoral part | Opens lateral to lingual frenulum
61
What is the lingual frenulum?
Mucosa anchoring tongue to floor of mouth
62
Where is the sublingual gland?
In floor of mouth lateral to tongue
63
Where does the sublingual gland open into the oral cavity?
Many openings in mucosa lateral to attachments of tongue
64
What are the neurovascular structures in the floor of the mouth?
Lingual nerve Hypoglossal nerve Lingual arteries and veins
65
What is the clinical significance of the lingual nerves and veins sitting superficially on the undersurface of the tongue?
Can use sublingual delivery of drugs for fast absorption
66
Where does the oropharynx start?
From back of dental arches of maxilla and mandible | Moving posteriorly
67
What is the roof of the oropharynx?
Uvula
68
What is the posterior boundary of the oropharynx?
Superior constrictor
69
What is the inferior boundary of the oropharynx?
Posterior 1/3 of tongue and epiglottis
70
What are the lateral boundaries of the oropharynx?
Palatoglossal arch
71
What forms the palatoglossal arch?
Palatoglossus
72
What is the palatopharyngeal arch?
Attaches from soft palate to wall of pharynx
73
What does the palatopharyngeal arch do?
Contraction pulls down soft palate/elevates pharynx
74
What is the area between to two arches called?
Tonsillar fossa
75
What does the tonsillar fossa hold?
Palatine tonsils
76
Why are chronically inflamed palatine tonsils often removed?
Because compromise opening at back of mouth > can impede movement of food
77
Why can pain from the middle ear be referred to the palatine tonsils?
Because branch of glossopharyngeal nerve supplies palatine tonsils
78
Which palatal arch is posterior and which palatal arch is anterior?
``` Posterior = palatopharyngeal Anterior = palatoglossal ```
79
What is the muscle of the soft palate connected by to the hard palate?
Palatine aponeurosis = connective tissue
80
What do the muscles above the soft palate do?
Elevate soft palate and seal nasal cavity during swallowing
81
Why is the soft palate depressed?
To seal oral cavity from pharynx during chewing | Allows unimpeded breathing
82
What can't you do if you can't seal off the nasal and oral cavities?
Produce suction - particularly important for feeding in babies
83
What are the muscles that attach to the hard palate via the palatine aponeurosis?
``` Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Musculus uvulae Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus ```
84
What is the role of the muscles around the soft palate?
Support its structure | Make it move
85
What is the musculus uvuale?
Midline muscle projecting down into uvula
86
What reinforces the musculus uvulae from above?
Tensor veli palatini | Levator veli palatini
87
What are the attachments of tensor veli palatini?
Cartilaginous auditory tube and surrounding bones | Musculus uvulae and palatine aponeurosis
88
What are the attachments of levator veli palatini?
Cartilaginous auditory tube and petrous part of temporal bone Musculus uvulae and palatine aponeurosis
89
What happens when the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini contract together?
Elevate soft palate - contribute to seal
90
What do the palotoglossus and palatopharyngeal do>
Fix tongue and pharynx > contract > depress soft palate
91
What is the motor innervation of the muscles of the soft palate?
Pharyngeal branches of CN X | Except for tensor veli palatini = CN V
92
What is Waldeyer's ring?
Describes tonsillar tissue guarding pharynx
93
What is the role of Waldeyer's ring?
Probably important in priming development of immune system particularly early in life
94
What are the tonsil tissues that make up Waldeyer's ring and what are their positions?
Superior = pharyngeaal Superolateral = tubal Lateral = palatine Midline inferiorly = lingual

MD1 Neuroscience (55 decks)

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