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MD1 Neuroscience > Introduction to Cognition and Emotion > Flashcards

Introduction to Cognition and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is sensation?

A

Sensori-neural encoding of incoming physical information

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2
Q

What is perception?

A

Transforming and interpreting sensory information to construct meaningful percepts

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3
Q

Can higher level cognition impact back down on sensation?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What does cognition mean when used in cognitive science and neuroscience?

A

Broad term of information processing

Application of knowledge

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5
Q

What does cognition mean when used in social and clinical psychology?

A

Thoughts

Internal dialogue

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6
Q

What are some examples of cognitive processes?

A 
Memory
Speed of information processing
Language
Planning
Problem solving
Attention
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7
Q

What is the localisation of function model?

A

Structure-function relationship one to one

Cognition breaks down in specific ways when brain damaged

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8
Q

Broadly, what is the frontal lobe important in?

A

Planning
Execution and regulation of behaviour
Language

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9
Q

Broadly, what is the temporal lobe important in?

A 
Audition
Language
Music
Memory
Emotion
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10
Q

Broadly, what is the parietal lobe important in?

A

Somatic and visuospatial representations

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11
Q

Broadly, what is the occipital lobe important in?

A

Vision

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12
Q

What is an example of lateralisation of function?

A

Left hemisphere specialisation for language
Right hemisphere specialisation for visuospatial functioning
- 95% of right handers and 70% of left handers have left dominant language

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13
Q

What is the drawback of the lateralisation of function model?

A

Oversimplification of complex phenomenon

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14
Q

What are the three basic units of the CNS, according to Luria’s brain-behaviour theory?

A

Regulation of arousal and muscle tone
- Brainstem and associated areas
Reception, integration, and analysis of sensory information
- Posterior cortical regions
Planning, executing, and verifying behaviour
- Frontal and prefrontal lobes

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15
Q

What are the three posterior cortical zones according to Luria?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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16
Q

What is the function of the primary cortical zone?

A

High modal specificity
Topological organisation
Predominant afferent layer IV
Eg: knock out primary visual cortex > cortically blind

17
Q

What is the function of the secondary cortical zone?

A

Perception
Decreased modal specificity
Predominant layers II and III
Eg: knockout secondary zone > agnosia = disorders of perception

18
Q

What is the function of tertiary cortical zones?

A 
Integrate across sense modalities
Supramodal - association cortex
Predominant upper cortical layers
Mature by ~7 years of age
Only evident in humans
Eg: problems here > can't access knowledge
19
Q

What is the primary cortical zone anteriorly?

A

Motor cortex (M1)
Topological organisation
Execution of movement

20
Q

What is the secondary cortical zone anteriorly?

A

Premotor cortex

Organisation of movement

21
Q

What is the tertiary cortical zone anteriorly?

A 
Prefrontal cortex
Planning goal-directed activities
Intent and behaviour programming
Self-monitoring and regulation
Cortical alertness
Most developed in humans
Matures in adolescence
22
Q

What is the concept of pluripotentiality?

A

Cognition is a network

1) Each area of brain opperates in conjunction with other areas
2) No area is singly responsible for voluntary human behaviour
3) Each area may play a specific role in many behaviours

23
Q

How is emotion defined?

A

Conscious, subjective feeling > internal

Infer affect from others based on behaviour

24
Q

What are the components of emotion as a psychophysiological state?

A

Incorporates conscious feelings
Physiological arousal
Cognitive component

25
Q

Which core emotions are culturally universal?

A 
Anger
Fear
Sadness
Disgust
Happiness
26
Q

What do complex emotions involve?

A

Different combinations of core emotions

27
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

Theoretical system believed to be involved in emotion

  • Amygdala
  • Septal area
  • Nucleus accumbens
  • Orbitofrontal cortex
28
Q

What is the amygdala involved in?

A

Implicit emotional learning

29
Q

What is amygdala dysfunction related to?

A

Depression and anxiety

30
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex involved in?

A

ID and expression of emotion

31
Q

How is the hippocampus linked to affective disorders?

A

Hippocampal volume reduction in depression

Links serotonin abnormalities and stress hypotheses of depression

32
Q

What does the Cannon Bard theory of emotion state?

A

Can experience emotion without expressing it physically; eg: in case of spinal cord lesions
Physiological changes aren’t unique to specific emotions

MD1 Neuroscience (55 decks)

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