Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD1 Neuroscience > Impact of Dementia on Patients, Family and Carers > Flashcards

Impact of Dementia on Patients, Family and Carers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common group of dementias?

A

Neurodegenerative disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the second most common group of dementias?

A

Vascular dementias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the most common causes of dementia by proportion?

A

Alzheimer’s disease = 50-60%
Vascular disease = 15-20%
Rest = 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some other causes of dementia?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Metabolic disease
Toxins
Nutritional deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical features of depressive pseudodementia?

A 
Psychomotor retardation
Weakness
Cognitive slowing
Impaired concentration
Sadness
Hopelessness
Inactivity/agitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is depressive pseudodementia reversible?

A

Potentially via antidepressant medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the prominent features of Lewy-body dementia?

A

Fluctuating alertness and attention

Recurrent well-formed visual hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the onset and progression of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type?

A

Gradual, insidious onset
Increased occurrence with age
Progressive decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the physical clinical features of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type?

A

No early neurological signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the cognitive clinical features of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type?

A 
Memory impairment
Visuospatial impairment
Language impairment - word finding difficulty
Impaired attention
Executive dysfunction
Apraxia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the affective clinical features of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type?

A

Non-specific agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the behavioural clinical features of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type?

A 
Wandering and becoming lost
Purposeless activity
Difficulty with daily tasks
Failure to recognise others
Sleep disturbance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the pathological features of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type?

A 
Plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
Diagnosis post-mortem only
MRI features
- Volume reduction in temporal lobes
- General cortical atrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the onset and progression of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia?

A

Gradual onset
Younger age
Progressive decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the physical clinical features of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia?

A

Cortical release signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the cognitive clinical features of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia?

A

Impaired attention and executive dysfunction, cognitive disinhibition
Perseveration, mental rigidity
Aphasia leading to mutism
Reduced speech output

17
Q

What are the affective clinical features of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia?

A

Depression
Anxiety
Excessive sentimentality

18
Q

What are the behavioural clinical features of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia?

A 
Personality changes
Behavioural disorder including
- Disinhibition
- Impulsivity
- Impaired judgement
- Obsessive behaviours
- Apathy
- Anhedonia
Dietary change
19
Q

What are the pathological features of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia?

A

Loss of cortical neurons and gliosis
Primary tauopathy
MRI: focal cortical loss

20
Q

What is the onset and progression of vascular cognitive impairment?

A

Gradual onset

Progressive stepwise decline

21
Q

What are the physical clinical features of vascular cognitive impairment?

A

Focal neurological deficits - vary with location and severity of lesions

22
Q

What are the cognitive clinical features of vascular cognitive impairment?

A 
Diffuse cognitive impairment
Cognitive slowing
Attentional dysfunction
Psychomotor retardation
Secondary executive features
23
Q

What are the affective clinical features of vascular cognitive impairment?

A

Irritability
Apathy
Blunted affect

24
Q

What are the behavioural clinical features of vascular cognitive impairment?

A

Withdrawal

25
Q

What are the pathological features of vascular cognitive impairment?

A

White matter lesions
MRI: hyperintensities
MRI/CT: ventricular volume loss on structural imaging without pronounced cortical loss
Cardiovascular risk factors - not essential/sufficient

MD1 Neuroscience (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions