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Orthodontics > Oral Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many teeth in each arch ? Primary

A

10 each arch

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2
Q

Eruption date - Primary teeth

A
  • A- 6months
    B- 9 months
    C- 18 months
    D- 12 months
    E- 24 months
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3
Q

When root formation completed?

A
  • Root formation complete approx 1-1.5 years after eruption
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4
Q

Tooth development at Birth (Crown formation )

A

A - 1/2
B- 1/2
C- 1/3
D- cusp
E- TIp
6- Just

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5
Q

When Root formation complete for secondary dentition?

A

2-3 years after eruption

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6
Q

Supernumeries teeth

A
  • Extra teeth
  • 1-2 % population.
  • Most common - Upper anterior
  • Present delay eruption
  • often diagnosed in radiographs
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7
Q

Hypodontia

A
  • Missing teeth
  • 6.4 % population ( not 8s’)
  • 2% - missing lateral incisors
    -L5 > U2 > U5 > L1 > others
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8
Q

Stages of Odomtogenesis?

A
  • Initiation - Thickening
  • Bud - Morphogenesis
  • Cap- Differentiation
  • Bell - mineralisation
  • Erupted tooth - Eruption root formation
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9
Q

How are enamel , dentine, cementum and bone similar but different?

A
  • Development origin
  • Cells
  • Process and degree of mineralisation
  • Organic and inorganic content
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10
Q

Define Enamel

A
  • Cell- Ameloblast
  • origin - Epithelial
  • Present through out life ? No
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11
Q

Enamel composition?

A
  • 95-96 % calcium Hydroxyapatite crystals (inorganic component)
  • 1-2 % Non - amelogenin protein ( Organic protein)
  • water - 2%
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12
Q

Dentine

A
  • Cell- Odontoblast
  • Origin - Mesenchymal
  • Present through out life- Yes
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13
Q

Dentine composition?

A
  • 70 %Calcium hydroxyapatite crystals (inorganic)
  • 20 % Collagen types 1, 3, 5 non collagenous proteins
  • 10% water
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14
Q

Cementum define?

A
  • Cell - Cementoblast
  • Origin - HERS (controversial)
  • Present throughout life : yes
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15
Q

Cementum composition ?

A
  • 65 % hydroxypetite crystals
  • 23% collagen type 3,5,6,12.
  • 12% water
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16
Q

Define Pulp

A
  • Cell - Fibroblast
    -Origin - Mesenchymal
  • Present thougout life? Yes
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17
Q

Pulp composition?

A
  • 0 % in organic
  • 75% fibres + semi fluid gel. organic component
  • 25% water
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18
Q

Periodontal ligament

A
  • Cell - Majority Fibroblasts
  • Mesenchymal
  • Present through out life? Yes
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19
Q

Periodontal ligament Composition?

A
  • > 90% collagen fibre
  • <10% oxytalan and reticulin fibres
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20
Q

Types of bones

A
  • Cortical Bone ( compact bone) strong
  • Cancellous ( Spongy or trabecular bone) weaker
  • Woven bone - Weak
  • Lamellar Bone - strong
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21
Q

Alveolar Bone anatomy

A
  • Interdental septa - Between teeth present
  • Interradicular septa- Between root present
  • lamina dura and bundle bone
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22
Q

Defects of development

A
  • Teeth provide good record of development disturbances.
  • Defects of number - Anodontia / hypodontia or supernumeraries
  • Complicated dental malformations - Odontomes
  • Defects of size - micro/ macrodontia
  • Defect of amelogenesis - Hypoplasia / Hypo-calcification
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23
Q

Suernumeries between midline called?

A
  • Mesiodens
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24
Q

Define Hypoplasia

A
  • Enamel defect characterised thin or absent enamel
25
Q

Hypomineralisation

A
  • Severely ill childhood , traumatic birth , high fevers can cause disturbance in tooth formation
26
Q

Caries

A
  • The breakdown of tooth surface from acid produced by bacteria.
27
Q

What cause caries ?

A

-Time
- Substrate (carbohydrates sugar)
- Susceptible tooth surface
- Bacteria

28
Q

Caries

A
  • Risk of developing caries lesion around bracket is high
  • 50% of patients - Caries
  • first sign of caries - white spot lesion
  • Remineralisation - OHI + Flouride
  • GDP can carry out cosmetic tx- Microabrasion and bleaching
29
Q

If you see caries what should you do?

A
  • Don’t use sharp probe in region
  • Ask orthodontist to check
  • Document in notes
  • Referral to GDP for filling
30
Q

If you see caries what should you do?

A
  • Don’t use sharp probe in region
  • Ask orthodontist to check
  • Document in notes
  • Referral to GDP for filling
31
Q

How to prevent caries

A
  • Diet advice
  • OHI
  • Fluoride
32
Q

How can you get Fluoride?

A
  • Toothpaste 1350 to 1500 ppm
  • Mouthwash 225ppm sodium fluoride
  • Fluoride varnish
  • Fluoridated water
  • Fluoride supplements
  • Naturally food substance : Spinach, black tea, raisins, grapes
33
Q

What does fluoride do?

A
  • It is used to help to reduce decalcification and remineralise enamel
34
Q

Flouride - Mechanism of action

A
  • Enamel crystals undergo demineralisation on acid exposure.
  • When fluoride is present in saliva , FLUORAPATITE rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during remineralisation .
  • Fluroapatite is less soluble than hydroxyapatite making it more resistance to demineralisation during future acid attacks.
35
Q

How does fluoride work?

A
  • Swallowed fluoride - become part of developing permanent teeth in children.
  • Applied fluoride - helps to speed remineralisation
  • High concentration fluoride disrupt production of acids by bacteria
36
Q

Oral hygiene instruction for remineralisation

A
  • Brush 2 a day
  • Brush 2 minutes (manual / electric toothbrush)
  • Spit ! Do not rinse with water
  • Use mouthwash at different time to brushing
37
Q

Diet advice

A
  • Three main meals per day with one other snack
  • Limit sugar containing food and drinks with meal time
  • Snack should be teeth friendly food
  • Only water between meals
  • Diet diaries are useful
38
Q

Tooth Mousse

A
  • contains Casein protein
  • No fluoride
  • Aids remineralisation
  • useful for removing white spot which develop during ortho tx.
  • Reduce sensitivity
39
Q

Position of oral cavity

A

Anterior border - lip
Posterior border- Oropharynx
Superior border- Hard palate
Inferior border- floor of the mouth

40
Q

Oral cavity divided into ?

A
  • Vestibules ( Space between lips and teeth)
  • Oral cavity ( The cavity between teeth and pharynx )
41
Q

Structure of vestibules

A

1- Lip
2- cheeks
3- Gingiva
4- Fraenum
5- Maxillary tuberosity
6- Retromolar area / triangle

42
Q

Lips

A
  • Orbicularis oris muscle
  • Externally covered with Skin
  • Internally covered with mucous membrane
43
Q

Cheeks

A

-Buccinator muscles
- Form side of face
- Opening parotid gland visible opposite maxillary second molar

44
Q

Gingiva

A
  • Alveolar mucosa
  • Mucogingival junction
  • Attached Gingiva
  • Free gingival groove
  • Margina Gingiva
45
Q

Frenum

A
  • Eithelium fold of mucosa
  • Superior labial frenum
  • Inferior labial frenum
  • lingual frenum
46
Q

Maxillary tuberiosity

A

-Rounded prominence of bone behind the last maxillary molar tooth

47
Q

Retromolar area/ triangle

A
  • Area behind last mandibular molar
48
Q

Structures of Oral cavity

A

1- Palate
2- palatoglossal arch (fold)
3- Palatopharybgeal arch (fold)
4- Palatine tonsils
5- Uvula
6- Pharynx
7- Tongue
8- Floor of mouth

49
Q

Palate

A
  • Hard palate - dense mucous membrane and covers palatal processes of maxilla and horizontal plates of palatine bones
  • Soft palate - Mobile muscular attachment posterior to hard palate
50
Q

Feature of palate

A

1- Incisive papilla
2- Palatine Raphe
3- Rugae (Transverse palatal folds)

51
Q

Palatoglossal arch (fold)

A
  • Fold of mucosa between palate and tongue covering muscle
52
Q

Palatopharyngeal arch (fold)

A
  • Fold of mucosa between palate and. Pharynx covering muscle
53
Q

Palatine tonsils

A
  • Lymphatic tissue located between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
54
Q

Uvula

A
  • Midline projection of mucous membrane from free border of the soft palate
55
Q

Pharynx

A
  • Area behind nasal and oral cavities and larynx.
  • 3 divided
    1- Nasopharynx
    2- Oropharynx
    3- Laryngopharynx
56
Q

7- Tongue

A
  • Muscular organ
  • Dorsal surface covered with papillae
  • Consists of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, salivary glands, taste buds
57
Q

8- Floor of mouth

A
  • Mucosa covering the mylohyois muscle
58
Q

Caries

A
  • Substrate
  • Time
  • bacteria
  • Suspect able surface

Orthodontics (53 decks)

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