June Exam Questions

Question 1

At what age maxillary canine erupts

Answer 1

11-12

Question 2

What does IOTN 5i stands for?

Answer 2

• 5 means greater need
• i means impeded

Question 3

5 auxiliaries use to close spaces . Explain advantages and disadvantages of each

Answer 3

• Power chain - adv Cheap, dis adv can get stain with certain food
• Closing loop- good alternate for non- sliding machanism cheap , dis adv - difficult to activate and time consuming.
• Bennett’s modules - Good force at once but loose force quickly too
• E- links - Cheap but Oh tricky / can irritate gingiva if not placed properly
• Niti coil - Active force all the time but OH TRICKY
• IO elastics- easy to place and remove but can be tricky in beginning to get use to it . BUT needs compliance

Question 4

What is clinical governance?

Answer 4

Clinical governance is system through which NHS organisations are accountable for continuously improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment which excellence in clinical care will flourish.

Question 5

What is difference between Audit and research?

Answer 5

Audit - To check if we are meeting standards
Research- Induct study to answer question e.g Drug A is better than Drug B.

Question 6

Describe audit you have been involved into illustrate the 5 stages of audit cycle?

Answer 6

1. Identify topic
2. Set ur standard
3. Data collect/analysis data
4. Compare & analysis findings
5. Make the change

Question 7

Describe 2 methods of determining an audit standards

Answer 7

• National guidelines ie. NICE National Institude for Health and care excellence
• Comparison to agreed standards

Question 8

List typical features of patient who has thumb sucking or digit sucking habit

Answer 8

• Increased Overjet
• Decreased overbite
• Bimaxillary proclination
• Unilateral crossbite with mandibular displacement.
• upper incisors proclined
• lower Retroclined

Question 9

What non orthodontic specific interventions can be used to help dissuade the habit?

Answer 9

• Socks
• Nasty nail varnish
• Boxing gloves
• Behaviour intervention - Encouragement every visit, reward

Question 10

What orthodontic intervention could be used to disused habit?

Answer 10

• Habit breaker appliances
• Rake appliance
• Bluegrass roller appliance
• Thumb crib
• Hawley retainer with thumb appliance

Question 11

At what age BOS British orthodontic society guidelines suggest to stop thumb sucking

Answer 11

• Before permanent. Teeth erupt- 6 years upper central incisor

Question 12

At debond appt Pt saw decal . Explain to parent and patient that is decalcification?

A- Parent asked- is it common problem ?

Answer 12

• Removal of calcium and phosphorus minerals are removed from tooth surface .
• Yes 50% patient get 1 wsl after orthodontic treatment

Question 13

B- What cause decal?

Answer 13

• Poor OH
  -Inadequate fluoride
• Sugar carbohydrate
• Time
• Bacteria plaque

Question 14

C- How can it be prevented ?

Answer 14

• High fluoride tooth paste
• good OH
• Cut down sugar and carbohydrate or have it with meal
• Regular check up with dentist

Question 15

What advice would you give for the management of decalcification following removal of fixed appliances?

Answer 15

• 50% mild decal gets better in 6months. Review in 6 months to see what has got better
• Excellent OH + Normal tooth paste or tooth moose.
• send to GDP for more options like Microabrasion/ composite / veneer.
• Mild delcalcification improve may improve post treatment
• Moderate surface lesion- Microabrasion.
• Severe cases may need restoration.

Question 16

What is definition of Anchorage

Answer 16

• Resistance of unwanted tooth movement
  As Newton’ s Law of action - Every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
  Reaistance of forces generated in reaction to active component of the appliances.

Question 17

Anchorage can be reinforced extra- orally using headgears. Name the components of Headgear?

Answer 17

• Extra oral Straps ( Anchorage)
• Recoil face bow
• Metal frame

Question 18

A pt woke up with dis mental headgear next to pillow. What advice would you give it to them?

Answer 18

• Do not wear Headgear
• Book appt to check Asap.
• If Headgear contacted to eye then A&E until unless no need for A &E

Question 19

Viva -Instruction for bond

Answer 19

• Brushing atleast 3 times a day/ Target OHI.
• Fluoride tooth paste 1350-1500ppm
• Diet- No sugar or carbohydrate, have it with meal
• Avoid snacking between meals/ low sugar diet .
• Use disclosing tablets to improve OH.

Question 20

Viva- Etch

Answer 20

• Why we use it- to create micro enamel resistance to hold bracket.
• if touch lip? Wash , let pt know (duty of conduor), incident form, let pt know it will heal or will cause scab will occur.

Question 21

Viva- Twin block

Answer 21

• what do you see? Functional appliance Clark’s twin block.
  Define TB? - It constructed to posture the mandible forward away from rest position as result soft tissue (muscle of mastication and facial muscle) stretch generate forces that cause tooth movement.
• TB function?
  OJ reduction , OB reduction, Proclination of lower incisor, Retroclination of upper central incisors, Mesial movement of lower buccal segment, Distal movement of upper buccal segment.
  Transformation of phase 1 to phase 2?
• 3 months NTO to assess relapse and settle Bilateral open bite with FA and settling elastics
• Steep and deep mechanism (in class II without deep overbite to prevent Pt biting on tip of bite plane.
• Trim TB .
• Fixed with Early Class II Elastics.

Question 22

Viva - Bonded retainer

Answer 22

• when do we use it?
  Spacing,lower incisor rotation, lower incisor Missing, Extrusion of lower incisors, Periodontal compromise tooth, teeth with short root (splint), or teeth out of alignment
• Emergency appt- bonded ret-
  Wire can fracture, composite can fracture, take Put down notes and take photos , Ask ortho - if wire still active or not.

Question 23

Six phases of treatment

Answer 23

• Anchorage management
• levelling and alignment
• overbite control
• over jet control
• space closure
• finishng