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Orthodontics > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

How do we assess space and crowding?

A
  • Visualisation
  • Brass wire
  • Reflex microscope
  • Scanning progress
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2
Q

Why do we take Ceph after TB phase?

A
  • To check Lower incisor proclination in functional phase.
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3
Q

What is Cephlometric ?

A
  • It’s reproducible radiographs of lateral view of skull.
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4
Q

Why do we take ceph?

A
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment planing
  • Research
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5
Q

What’s whip spring?

A
  • To rotate incisors mesiolabial rotation / single tooth rotation . Made of Australian wire
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6
Q

How much tooth movement occurs every month?

A

1mm

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7
Q

How long gingiva takes to settle?

A

3 months

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8
Q

Attrition

A
  • wear through tooth to tooth contact Incisal or occlusal surface of teeth
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9
Q

Erosion

A
  • Dissolution of hard tissue by acidic substance
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10
Q

Abrasion

A
  • wear due to interaction of teeth and other surface
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11
Q

What factors involves to improve bad OH? From operator

A
  • Less flesh
  • less auxiliaries
  • take out wire and review in 2 weeks
  • OHI and diet instructions
  • brushing technique
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12
Q

What makes OH difficult for patient?

A
  • Crowding
    -Medical condition ( dyslexia , diabetes)
  • Social awareness
  • Religion purpose
  • Cost
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13
Q

What is Plaque indices ?

A
  • record either the thickness of the plaque or the proportion of each tooth covered by it. And score 0-3
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14
Q

BPE Charting
Basic periodontal examination

A
  • a way of measuring the space between a tooth and the gum tissue next to it. To detect pocketing, bleeding on probe, plaque calculus

0 - Healthy periodontal tissues.
1- Bleeding on probing.
2 - Plaque retentive factors such as overhanging restorations or calculus.
3 Probing depths of 3.5-5.5 mm
4 Probing score of over 5.5 mm
* Furcation involvement

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15
Q

What is infra occlusion?

A
  • Tooth remains in original occlusal plane while rest of arch develops making it appear submerged.
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16
Q

Classification of infra occluded?

A
  • Mild - occlusal surface height is less than 2mm below occlusal height of adjacent teeth.

Moderate- occlusal surface is at level of contact points of adjacent teeth.

Severe- Occlusal height below inter-proximal contact points of adjacent teeth.

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17
Q

What is formula of corsodyl ?

A
  • Chlorhexidine Digluconate
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18
Q

Which one is alcohol free mouth wash?

A
  • Listerine
  • Child / religion purpose/ ex alcohol
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19
Q

Fluoride in tooth paste and mouth wash?

A
  • Toothpaste 1350- 1500 ppm
    Mouth wash- 225ppm
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20
Q

Where do you find standards for Audit?

A
  • National guidelines
  • Local guidlines
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21
Q

What is Theroux retainer?

A

Cover only permanent teeth

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22
Q

What is TTR for Niti wire?

A
  • Temperature Transition Range
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23
Q

Why do we use bonded retainer?

A
  • Missing 2s to prevent labial segment
  • Displacement
  • Midline diastema
  • Rotated tooth
  • tooth out of alignment
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24
Q

How do we grade DPT?

A
  • Grade 1, 2 , 3
  • acceptable 95% digital 90% film
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25
Q

Which cases we use Hawley?

A
  • Pontic
  • Setlling vertical
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26
Q

Martentistic Stable?

A
  • Classic Niti
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27
Q

Martenistic active?

A
  • Heat activated Niti
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28
Q

Austentistic ?

A
  • Stainless steel
  • Super elastic Niti
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29
Q

Alginate settling reaction?

A
  • Potassium alginate + Calcium sulphate =
    Calcium alginate + potassium sulphate
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30
Q

2 cements for molar band?

A
  • ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT
  • Zinc polycarboxylate cement
  • GIC Glass polyalkenoate cement
  • modified glass ionomer Band lock
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31
Q

Ceramic brackets made from?

A
  • Aluminium oxide
    Monocrytaline / polycrystalline
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32
Q

Benefit of GIC, using for molar band

A
  • Adhere chemically to tooth
  • No etch required
  • release fluoride
  • weaker bond strength
  • no moisture control
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33
Q

Give 5 example how can you put patient’s interest first ?

A
  • Time
  • Resources
  • Professional behaviour
  • Skills
  • Knowlegde
  • personal development
  • Compliance with regulatory requirement
  • own health
  • Recognisijg when to raise concern
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34
Q

CPD HOURS in 5 year for OT?

A
  • 75 hours verifiable
  • unlimited non verifiable
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35
Q

If Niti allergy what can be use?

A
  • Multibreaded ss
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36
Q

Shapes of teeth?

A
  • Supplemental - Resemble a tooth - usually last series 2,5,8
  • Conical - Peg shaped, often erupts between upper central incisors.
  • Tuberculate- barrel shaped, classically associated with failure of eruption
  • Odontome- Complex or compound
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37
Q

When and why fixed prosthodontic restoration should be done

A
  • Age of 25 because mature gingiva present
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38
Q

When does UR1 bud form?

A
  • 3-4 months
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39
Q

Gingival Necking?

A
  • Gingival swells which stops space closer to
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40
Q

Mechanism of functional appliance?

A
  • Mesial lower buccal segment
  • Proclined lower incisor
  • Retroclined upper incisors
  • Distal upper buccal segment
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41
Q

How can you monitor fixed appliance progress?

A
  • RECORD - OJ, OB, Molar relationship, canine relationship .
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42
Q

What cause ectopic teeth?

A
  • Adjecent tooth erupts and tip which stop tooth to erupt
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43
Q

Where does NHS IOTN cut off?

A

-IOTN 3 AC 6 or above

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44
Q

What ages NHS cut off?

A
  • referral before 18
  • Age of 18
45
Q

Why tooth gets ankylosed?

A
  • periodontal ligament dies and tooth get covered with bone.
46
Q

What is MOCDO?

A

Missing
Overjet
Crossbite
Displacement of contact point
Overbite

47
Q

Tooth movements and force?

A
  • Tipping - 35-60g
  • Bodiliy 70-120
  • torque ,-50-120
  • Extrusion - 35-60g
  • Intrusion- 10-20g
  • Rotation- 35-60
48
Q

Before fitting URA what OT should check?

A
  • correct patient details
  • URA correct design
  • disinfectant
  • Run finger through to check any sharp edges
49
Q

What is friction? Importance of friction

A
  • Is a force resisting the relative motion
  • To prevent unwanted tooth movement and to optimise tooth movement , friction must be understood and controlled
  • If gets wrong - Loss of Anchorage
50
Q

Which rectangular wire is good for torque? Niti or ss?

A
  • It doesn’t matter because 2 point contact necessary only
51
Q

Slops

A
  • means non ligation of wire
52
Q

Torque

A
  • Allow control buccolingual movement with rectangular wire at centroid
  • Centroid 1/3 of apical get change to centre of rotation
53
Q

Properties of bracket ?

A
  • poor Bio host
  • cost
  • Bio compatible
  • Aesthetic
  • secure and robust
  • Full archwire engagement
  • low/high friction
  • Quick easy to use / remove
  • assist good oH
54
Q

What does loop do?

A
  • longer the wire less force . Give range to activate
55
Q

Which movement change centroid of tooth and which remain same?

A
  • Tipping movement on centroid of tooth
  • torque Change centroid of tooth
56
Q

How many % correction of OJ with functional appliance ?

57
Q

Why Bite plane doesn’t work in adults?

A
  • Ramus doesn’t grow with extrusion of lower teeth .
58
Q

How bite plane works?

A
  • Extrude lower teeth and correct curve of spee to flat
59
Q

what are the Action and uses of Removable appliance ?

A
  • Action-
    -tip teeth
  • Differential tooth eruption
  • Space maintainer
  • Extrude lower teeth

USES:
- Reducing over bite
- Arch expansion
- Space maintainer
- Distalising buccal segment

60
Q

Debonding check rate?

A

0- No adhesive
1- less than half tooth
2- more than half tooth
3- an adhesive left on tooth with impression of bracket mesh

61
Q

Size of Adam’s crib, Spring and TPA?

A
  • 0.7 mmCribs
  • 0.5 mm spring
  • 0.9mm TPA
62
Q

How many teeth should be engage for piggy peg?

A
  • 2 teeth each side
63
Q

What is safety feature in headgear? IO and EO

A
  • EO- Nasal safety tray “ Snap away
    IO- Recoil face bow
64
Q

How long headgears needs to be worn?

A

10-12 hours a day

65
Q

What is IO and EO oral force by headgear ?

A
  • IO - 200-250 gms
  • EO- 400 gems from back of head
66
Q

Sleep apnea device ?

A
  • posture lower jaw forward which opens airways - Ortho activate it and OT provide instructions
67
Q

Which teeth gets effected with root resorption?

A
  • U1s , L1s and molars
68
Q

Why we use Sella tursica ?

A
  • Age of 7 doesn’t change. It’s most stable
69
Q

Which measure maxilla and mandibular AP relationship ?

70
Q

What’s interincisal angle?

A

135*degrees

71
Q

What’s MMPA angle and how do you measure it?

A
  • Maxilla and mandibular plane angle - 27 degree
  • From go - Mn from ANS to PNS draw lines and where they meet it should be 27degree Class I
72
Q

Crowding classification?

A
  • Mild- 0-4
    Moderate - 4-8
    Severe - more than 8
73
Q

ANB relationships of Class I, II , and III

A

I- 2-4*
II- more than 4*
III- less than 2*

74
Q

Why do we take OPG?

A
  • To find 3p
  • Position, pathology, and presence
75
Q

Puberty growth spurt girls and boys?

A
  • Girls 12 +/- 2. Last 2 years
    -Boys -14 +/- 2 last 2 yrs
76
Q

Mandible grow more than maxilla because?

A
  • It has more to catch up and that’s why ANB reduce later on
77
Q

How much OJ reduction and molar relationship chance with Clarks’ TB ?

A

70% of Over jet reduction
60% of molar change

78
Q

Which tooth has additional palatal cusp

A
  • Upper first maxillary molar
79
Q

Which group of teeth are present in permanent dentition that are not present in primary dentition?

80
Q

State three difference in permanent and primary teeth

A
  • Primary teeth are smaller than PD
  • Primary teeth are thinner than PD
  • Primary teeth roots are shorter than PD
81
Q

What is leeway ?

A
  • Leeway space is difference between mesio-distal distance of primary cuspids and molars and their permanent successors
82
Q

How leeway space is relevant in Orthdontics?

A
  • when primary teeth exfoliate , there is slight amount of space (about 2.5mm per side in lower arch and 1.5mm per side in upper arch).
    This space allows forward movement of lower molars and therefore we achieve Class I molar relationship
83
Q

What age orthodontic can palpate canine

84
Q

At what age upper central incisor develop?

A
  • 3-4 months
85
Q

What sequence does the permanent dentition erupt?

A
  • 6, 1,2,4,5,3,7,8
  • 6,1,2,3,4,5,7,8
86
Q

What full form of MBT?

A

-McLaughlin
Bennett
Trevisi

87
Q

What’s other system than MBT?

A
  • Roth and Andrew’s
88
Q

Decalcification

A
  • 50% of Orthdontic patient get 1 White spot lesion within 8weeks
89
Q

5 hierarchy of COSHH

A
  • Elimination
  • substitution
  • Engineering control
  • Administrative control
  • PPE
90
Q

There are 5 steps to a COSHH assessment

A
  • Collect information of substance
  • Evaluate risk
  • Measure control
  • Record finding
  • Review assessment
91
Q

What happens after TB phase?

A
  • Bilateral open bite
  • ROJ - Incresed
  • OJ reduce
92
Q

What should we do after TB phase?

A
  • Review in 3 months TB wear NTO
93
Q

Centre of resistance

A
  • It is point on tooth when single force is passed through it. Would bring about its translation along the line of action of force.
94
Q

GDC 9 standards

A
  • Put pt interest first
  • Communicate effectively with patient
  • obtain Valid consent
  • Maintain and protect patient information
  • Have clear and effective complaint procedure
  • Work with colleagues in patient’s best interested
  • Raise concern if patient are at risk
  • Make sure our Personal behaviour maintain confidence in us and dental profession
95
Q

Two type of acid

A
  • Bacterial acid cause caries
  • non / bacterial Food acid cause erosion
96
Q

What PH LEVEL OF demineralisation and remineralisation

A
  • 5.5PH Demineralisation
  • 6.7 remineralisation
97
Q

The oral balance
Demineralisation = Remineralisation

A
  • Bacteria plaque + refined carbohydrates = Demineralisation
  • Saliva + OH + Flouride + Natural protective = Remineralisation
98
Q

What happens when less saliva

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Caries
  • trauma
99
Q

Saliva rate in night time

100
Q

Largest secretion salivary gland?

A
  • Submandibular gland - 70%- Mixed saliva
  • Parotid gland - 25% - serous
  • Sub lingual 5%- Mucous
101
Q

Leeway space - between CDE and 345

A
  • CDE - 23mm
    -345- 21mm
102
Q

What age Intercanine width completed ?

103
Q

Definition of Toque , bodily movement, Tipping, intrusion and extrusion?

A

Torque - Move tooth buccolingually , centroid change into centre of rotation

Bodily moment - Occurs when crown and root moves an equal distance in same direction.

Tipping - centroid stay same when force applied to crown of tooth.

Extrusion- tooth movement in coronal direction to modify the tooth position.

Intrusion- Movement when tooth partially moved into bone

104
Q

Growth patterns and post natal growth
- Different tissues have different time and

A
  • Neural
  • Somatic
  • Genital
  • Lymphoid
105
Q

Growth patterns and post natal growth
- Different tissues have different time and

A
  • Neural
  • Somatic
  • Genital
  • Lymphoid
106
Q

Which tooth shape cause crowding?

A
  • Supplemental type
107
Q

What’s the difference between tipping and bodily movement ?

A
  • Tipping around centre of rotation
  • Whole tooth moves
108
Q

When do we need space?

A
  • Crowding / spacing
  • Levelling curve of spee
  • Arch expansion
  • Incisor AP position - Palatal root torque requires space.
  • Angulation of teeth - Upper incisors should be mesially angulated if not need space.
  • Inclination of teeth
  • Increased OJ
109
Q

When self lighting bracket might be used for?
And adv and dis adv. of self ligating bracket?

A
  • High anchorage demands.
  • Severely excluded teeth.
  • large lateral tooth movement. E.g. space opening for excluded teeth.
  • Alignment of severely crowded teeth.
  • Adv- less friction, transmission of lighter force is advantage with it, Purported to use self ligating bracket some say less tx time , quicker alignment .
    Dis adv- Accurate bracket position is more difficult for high standard finishing.

Orthodontics (53 decks)

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