Medical Emergency

Question 1

List of medical emergencies

Answer 1

• Anaphylaxis
• Faint (Vaso- vagal syncope)
• Asthma attack
• Hypoglycaemia
• Epileptic Seizure
• Angina
• Hearth attack
• Stroke

Question 2

Basic life support - Dr. ABC

Answer 2

• Danger- Make sure no danger around pt and you
• Response- Check for response
• Airways- Open the airways
• Breathing - 10 sec look listen and feel for breath - If breathing is absent . Call 999 on speaker or ask someone to call . DO NOT Leave Victim
• Circulation - Compression should not be more than 6mm deep

Question 3

Adult -Basic life support

Answer 3

• Unresponsive/ not breathing
• Call 999 for ambulance
• 30 chest compression
• 2 rescue breath
• Asa Automated External Defibrillator arrived ,Turn on follow instructions

Question 4

Child - Basic life support

Answer 4

• Unresponsive
• Shout for help
• Open airways / Breathing normally yes observe
• No breathing 5 rescue breath
• Infant - Mouth to nose
• Child - Mouth to mouth
• if no sign of life - 30 compression 2 breath
• Sign of life yes - Keep same position and wait for ambulance
• Sign of life no - Carry on 30/2 until ambulance come

Question 5

Anaphylaxis - Sign

Answer 5

• Hives / flushing
• Urticaria
• Sweat on brow and eyelid
• Swelling of neck and mouth
• Vomiting and diarrhoea
• Low BP

Question 6

Anaphylaxis- Symptoms

Answer 6

• May feel dizzy
• Sense of impending doom
• Difficult to breath
• wheezing
• Stomach ache
• Itchiness

Question 7

Anaphylaxis- Management

Answer 7

• Removed source of Allergen if possible
• Call 999
• Supine position
• To restore BP - Loose tight cloth
• ADM: Adrenaline 1:1000lm
• Oxygen : 15/L /min
• Repeat after 5 min if need
• Pt must admit in hospital given Steroid, antihistamines, monitor

Question 8

Epileptic Seizure - Sign

Answer 8

• Absent seizure ( don’t remember) 15 sec
• May cry out
• Loss of consciousness
• Jerking movement of limb
• Urinary incontinence
• Frothing of mouth
• Cyanosis ( purple skin lack of oxygen)

Question 9

Epileptic- Symptoms

Answer 9

• Anxiety
• Sudden weakness
• Aura ( partial seizure sense)
• Auditory
• Visual - may see colour wave
• Smell
• Somato sensory motor

Question 10

Epileptic- Management

Answer 10

• Note the time
• Prevent injury
• Do not retrain Patient
• Don’t put finger in pt mouth retrieve appliance
• Midazolam 10g/1ml into buccal sulcus
  Child 1-4yrs : 5mg, 5-9yrs 7.5mg , 10-17yrs 10mg
• Oxygen with Hudson mask
• Monitor and reassure
• No breathing - CPR ( Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Question 11

Epileptic - when it become emergency

Answer 11

• When Seizure continue after 3-5 min
• Repeat seizure again
• Hypoxia
• Patient injured
• First seizure

Question 12

Hypoglycaemia - Sign

Answer 12

• Normal blood sugar level - 4.0mmol / L
  -Aggression
• Clumsiness
• Shivering
• Confuse
• Sweating
• Loss of consciousness

Question 13

Hypoglycaemia - Symptoms

Answer 13

• confusion
  -Tired
• Aggression
• Hunger
• Dizziness

Question 14

Hypoglycaemia- Management

Answer 14

• Check blood sugar level
• If Pt conscious - Glucose drink, carbohydrates
• If Pt unconscious-
  Recovery position, Glucagon 1ml 25kg person
• Response in 10 mins
• Then IV Glucose Administration

Question 15

Vaso vagal syncope ( Faint)
- Predisposing sign

Answer 15

• Anxiety
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Low Bp
• Fasting
• Temperature high

Question 16

Faint - Sign

Answer 16

• Pallor
• Sweat Brow/ lip
• Shivering
• Loss of consciousness
• Complaining of feeling faint

Question 17

Vaso vagal syncope Faint- Symptoms

Answer 17

• Dizziness
• Light headed
• Nausea
• Feeling hot
• Blurred vision

Question 18

Vaso vagal Syncope Faint- Management

Answer 18

• Raise leg / if pregnant or obese turn LHS
• Oxygen 15L / min
• Reassure monitor
• Ventilate room
• Cold compression on head
• Drink glucose / tablet
• No recovery - call 999
• No response- CPR

Question 19

Asthma - Sign

Answer 19

• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Respiratory rate increased
• High pulse
• High blood pressure

Question 20

Asthma - Symptoms

Answer 20

• Tight chest
• Dizziness
• Inability to breath
• Sense of impending doom

Question 21

Asthma - Management

Answer 21

• Sit up
• Monitor and reassure
• Administration : Salbutamol inhaler with Spacer
• Oxygen 15L / min Hudson mask
• Monitor for loss of consciousness

Question 22

Angina Pectoris - Sign

Answer 22

• Pale
• Chest pain
• Sweat brow / lip
• REGULAR PULSE

Question 23

Angina - Symptoms

Answer 23

• Chest pain
• Breathlessness

Question 24

Angina - Management

Answer 24

• Sit up
• Monitor and reassure
• Administration: Glyceryl nitrate (GTN) sub lingual 0.3ml.
• Repeat 3 times
• Oxygen 15L/ min Hudson mask
• After 3 time adm no relief call 999+ Aspirin 300mg

Question 25

Myocardial infarction- Heart attack
Predisposing sign

Answer 25

• High Bp
• Obesity
• High cholesterol diet
• Diabetes

Question 26

Myocardial infarction- Sign

Answer 26

• Pale
• Nausea
• sweat on brow / lip line
• vomiting
• low Bp
• Loss of consciousness
• Cardiac arrest

Question 27

Myocardial infarction- Symptoms

Answer 27

• Chest pain (Neck and left arm
• Breathlessness
• Sense of impending doom
• Feeling sick
• Light headed
• If unconscious CPR

Question 28

Myocardial infarction - Management

Answer 28

• Sit up
• Call 999
• Monitor and reassure
• Oxygen 15L/min Hudson mask
• Aspirin 300mg
• GTN ( glyceryl nitrate) 0.3ml
• Monitor for cardiac arrest

Question 29

Stroke - Sign

Answer 29

• FAST
• F - face drop on one side ( can they smile)
  -A- Arm Can they raise arm
  -S- Speech Slurred
  -T- Time Call 999 if any symptoms

Question 30

Stroke - Management

Answer 30

• Call 999
• Clot busting can work if administered within 4 hours after MRI
• Reclined position shoulder and head elevated over heart
• Monitor for Cardiac arrest
  -BLS if needed