Ophthamological Drugs Flashcards
What eye drugs can be used as a tear stimulator to protect the cornea?
- Tacrolimus, Cyclosporin (T cell inhibitors)
- Pilocarpine (Parasympathomimetics)
Clinical indications for use of lacrimogenics?
Protection of cornea in cases of:
- Neonates with no menace respone
- During surgery
- KCS (dry eye)
Ex: Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine, Pilocarpine
What is the MOA proparicaine, tetracaine, and lidocaine?
Na channel blockers
Tetracaine is labeled for use in _______
Horses
Which eye drugs are used to block painful stimulus in the eye?
Na channel blockers
- Lidocaine
- Tetracaine
- Proparacaine
Clinical uses of Lidocaine on the eye?
Nerve block exams
- Retrobulbar injection (globe akinesia and analgesia, blocks motor function and sensation of pain)
- Auriculopalpebral injection (Eyelid akinesia, blocks motor function)
- Supraorbital injection (Upper eyelid analgesia, blocks sensation of pain)
How should lidocaine be administered if you want to block upper eyelid analgesia?
A. Retrobulbar injection
B. Auriculopalpebral injection
C. Supraorbital injection
C. Supraorbital injection
How should lidocaine be administered if you want to achieve eyelid akinesia?
A. Retrobulbar injection
B. Auriculopalpebral injection
C. Supraorbital injection
B. Auriculopalpebral injection
blocks motor function of eyelids
How should lidocaine be administered if you want to achieve globe akinesia and analgesia?
A. Retrobulbar injection
B. Auriculopalpebral injection
C. Supraorbital injection
A. Retrobulbar injection
- prevents movement of the globe and provides analgesia
Which of the following NSAIDS can be used topically to treat inflammation of the eye?
A. Flunixin meglumine
B. Diclofenac
C. Phenylbutazone
D. Meloxicam
B. Diclofenac
(all others are systemic)
When is use of steroids on the eye CONTRAINDICATED?
Never use with corneal ulcers or infection
- delays healing and suppresses immune function
List the steroids used to treat inflammation associated with the eye
- Prednisolone
- Dexamethasone
- Hydrocortisone
When is topical administration of Diclofenac indicated?
To treat anterior segment inflammation
Systemic anti-inflammatories are most effective for treatment of what eye condition?
Uveitis and adnexal inflammation
What is the MOA of pilocarpine?
Muscarinic cholinergic agonist
When are T cell inhibitors used for the eye?
(Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus)
- Tear stimulators
- KCS
- Chronic uveitis
- Recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)
WHO ranking of 1st gen cephalosporins?
Highly important
(Cefazolin)
WHO ranking of tetracycline?
Highly important
Main uses of proparacaine and tetracaine in ophthamology?
Analgesic to block pain
When are sympathomimetics indicated for ophthamological use?
Vessel constriction around the eye for surgical procedures
(Epinephrine, phenylephrine)
List the drugs used to treat glaucoma
- Prostaglandin analogs
- Dorzolamide
- Timolol
- Mannitol
- MMP inhibitor
Which of the following is used to treat melting ulcers?
A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor
D. MMP inhibitor
Which of the following is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to decrease aqueous humor in cases of glaucoma?
A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor
A. Dorzolamide
Which of the following is used to open angle glaucoma?
A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor
B. Timolol (beta blocker)
