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pharm II > Ophthamological Drugs > Flashcards

Ophthamological Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What eye drugs can be used as a tear stimulator to protect the cornea?

A
  • Tacrolimus, Cyclosporin (T cell inhibitors)
  • Pilocarpine (Parasympathomimetics)
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2
Q

Clinical indications for use of lacrimogenics?

A

Protection of cornea in cases of:
- Neonates with no menace respone
- During surgery
- KCS (dry eye)

Ex: Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine, Pilocarpine

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3
Q

What is the MOA proparicaine, tetracaine, and lidocaine?

A

Na channel blockers

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4
Q

Tetracaine is labeled for use in _______

A

Horses

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5
Q

Which eye drugs are used to block painful stimulus in the eye?

A

Na channel blockers

  • Lidocaine
  • Tetracaine
  • Proparacaine
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6
Q

Clinical uses of Lidocaine on the eye?

A

Nerve block exams

  1. Retrobulbar injection (globe akinesia and analgesia, blocks motor function and sensation of pain)
  2. Auriculopalpebral injection (Eyelid akinesia, blocks motor function)
  3. Supraorbital injection (Upper eyelid analgesia, blocks sensation of pain)
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7
Q

How should lidocaine be administered if you want to block upper eyelid analgesia?

A. Retrobulbar injection
B. Auriculopalpebral injection
C. Supraorbital injection

A

C. Supraorbital injection

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8
Q

How should lidocaine be administered if you want to achieve eyelid akinesia?

A. Retrobulbar injection
B. Auriculopalpebral injection
C. Supraorbital injection

A

B. Auriculopalpebral injection

blocks motor function of eyelids

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9
Q

How should lidocaine be administered if you want to achieve globe akinesia and analgesia?

A. Retrobulbar injection
B. Auriculopalpebral injection
C. Supraorbital injection

A

A. Retrobulbar injection

  • prevents movement of the globe and provides analgesia
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10
Q

Which of the following NSAIDS can be used topically to treat inflammation of the eye?

A. Flunixin meglumine
B. Diclofenac
C. Phenylbutazone
D. Meloxicam

A

B. Diclofenac

(all others are systemic)

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11
Q

When is use of steroids on the eye CONTRAINDICATED?

A

Never use with corneal ulcers or infection

  • delays healing and suppresses immune function
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12
Q

List the steroids used to treat inflammation associated with the eye

A
  • Prednisolone
  • Dexamethasone
  • Hydrocortisone
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13
Q

When is topical administration of Diclofenac indicated?

A

To treat anterior segment inflammation

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14
Q

Systemic anti-inflammatories are most effective for treatment of what eye condition?

A

Uveitis and adnexal inflammation

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15
Q

What is the MOA of pilocarpine?

A

Muscarinic cholinergic agonist

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16
Q

When are T cell inhibitors used for the eye?

A

(Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus)

  • Tear stimulators
  • KCS
  • Chronic uveitis
  • Recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)
17
Q

WHO ranking of 1st gen cephalosporins?

A

Highly important

(Cefazolin)

18
Q

WHO ranking of tetracycline?

A

Highly important

19
Q

Main uses of proparacaine and tetracaine in ophthamology?

A

Analgesic to block pain

20
Q

When are sympathomimetics indicated for ophthamological use?

A

Vessel constriction around the eye for surgical procedures

(Epinephrine, phenylephrine)

21
Q

List the drugs used to treat glaucoma

A
  1. Prostaglandin analogs
  2. Dorzolamide
  3. Timolol
  4. Mannitol
  5. MMP inhibitor
22
Q

Which of the following is used to treat melting ulcers?

A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor

A

D. MMP inhibitor

23
Q

Which of the following is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to decrease aqueous humor in cases of glaucoma?

A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor

A

A. Dorzolamide

24
Q

Which of the following is used to open angle glaucoma?

A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor

A

B. Timolol (beta blocker)

25
Q

What is the MOA of timolol?

A

Beta blocker

(used to treat open angle glaucoma)

26
Q

Main contraindication for use of prostaglandin analogs on the eye?

A

Never use for lens luxation

27
Q

Which of the following can be used to treat lens luxation?

A. Proparacaine
B. Pilocarpine
C. Prostaglandin analogs
D. Atropine

A

B. Pilocarpine

(parasympathomimetic to constrict pupil and keep lens in place)

28
Q

Which of the following can be used to dilate the eye for a retinal/fundus exam?

A. Proparacaine
B. Pilocarpine
C. Prostaglandin analogs
D. Atropine

A

D. Atropine

good to examination posterior segment of eye

29
Q

When is bacitracin used to treat ophthamological conditions?

A

Superficial septic ulcers

30
Q

Which of the following dehydrates the vitreous humor?

A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor

A

C. Mannitol

31
Q

Which of the following decreases aqueous humor secretion?

A. Dorzolamide
B. Timolol
C. Mannitol
D. MMP inhibitor

A

A. Dorzolamide

32
Q

What is the WHO ranking of macrolides?

A

Highly important

33
Q

What is the WHO ranking for aminoglycosides?

A

HPCIA

34
Q

Which of the following increases uveoscleral outflow?

A. Proparacaine
B. Pilocarpine
C. Prostaglandin analogs
D. Atropine

A

C. Prostaglandin analogs

pharm II (23 decks)

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