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pharm II > Antiarrhythmics > Flashcards

Antiarrhythmics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of class 1a and 1b antiarrhythmics?

A

Na+ channel blockers

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2
Q

What is the MOA of class 2 antiarrhythmics?

A

Beta blockers

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3
Q

What is the MOA of class 3 antiarrhythmics?

A

Potassium (K+) channel blockers

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4
Q

What is the MOA of class 4 antiarrhythmics?

A

Calcium channel blockers

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Lidocaine and what class does it fall under?

A

Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Diltiazem and what class does it fall under?

A

Class IV - Calcium channel blocker

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7
Q

What is the MOA of Quinidine and what class does it fall under?

A

Class 1a - Na+ channel blocker

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Sotalol and what class does it fall under?

A

Class III - Potassium channel blocker

also has some non selective Beta blocker effects

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Amiodarone and what class does it fall under?

A

Class III - Potassium channel blocker

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Procainamide and what class does it fall under?

A

Class 1a - Na+ channel blocker

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11
Q

What is the MOA of propanolol and what class does it fall under?

A

Class II - non selective Beta blocker

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Esmolol and what class does it fall under?

A

Class II - selective B1 blocker

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13
Q

What is the MOA of Atenolol and what class does it fall under?

A

Class II - selective B1 blocker

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Metoprolol and what class does it fall under?

A

Class II - selective B1 blocker

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15
Q

Which of the following antiarrhythmics has both Beta and Alpha antagonistic effects?

A

Carvedilol

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Carvedilol and what class does it fall under?

A

Class II -

non selective Beta blocker, and selective A1 antagonist

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17
Q

What is the MOA of Mexilitine and what class does it fall under?

A

Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker

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18
Q

What is the DOC for atrial fibrillation in horses?

A

Quinidine

-class 1a Na+ channel blocker

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19
Q

What is the 1st line antiarrhythmic for v-tach in cats?

A

Procainamide

-class 1a Na+ channel blocker

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20
Q

What is the DOC for treatment of V-tach in most species?

A

Lidocaine

-class 1b Na+ channel blocker

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21
Q

What side effects can be seen with use of Mexilitine?

A

High bolus dosing can cause seizures, ataxia, twitching, GI signs

22
Q

Which antiarrhythmic are cats more sensitive to, requiring a fraction of the dose used in dogs?

A

Lidocaine

23
Q

Which of the following Na+ channel blockers comes in an oral formulation that can be taken home by the owner to control v-tach?

A

Mexilitine

24
Q

List the non-selective beta blockers

A
  1. Propanolol
    - has some B2 antagonist effects
  2. Carvedilol
    - has some a1 effects
25
Q

List the selective B1 blockers

A
  1. Esmolol
  2. Atenolol
  3. Metoprolol
26
Q

What adverse effects can be seen with Amiodarone?

A
  • Type I hypersensitivity with IV admin
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Hepatotoxic
  • GI signs
  • Interferes with thyroid
27
Q

What is the DOC for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia due to an increased ventricular response rate?

A

Diltiazem

(Class IV, Calcium channel blocker)

28
Q

List all the antiarrhythmics used to treat v-tach

A
  1. Lidocaine (DOC)
  2. Procainamide
  3. Mexilitine
  4. Sotalol
  5. Amiodarone
  6. Magnesium sulfate IV
29
Q

List all the antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular tachycardia

A
  1. Diltiazem (DOC)
  2. Digoxin
  3. Quinidine (DOC for a-fib in horses)
  4. Esmolol (short acting)
  5. Propanolol
  6. Atenolol
  7. Metoprolol
30
Q

All of the following Na+ channel blockers can be used to treat v-tach EXCEPT?

A. Lidocaine
B. Quinidine
C. Mexilitine
D. Procainamide

A

B. Quinidine

  • used to treat a-fib in horses (SVT)
31
Q

All of the following are beta blockers used to treat supraventricular tachycardia EXCEPT?

A. Propranolol
B. Atenolol
C. Carvedilol
D. Metoprolol

A

C. Carvedilol

32
Q

Main uses of propranolol?

A
  • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
  • Tx of catecholamine induced tachyarrhythmias
  • HCM in cats secondary to hyperthyroidism
33
Q

Which of the following beta blockers has the shortest duration of action?

A. Propranolol
B. Atenolol
C. Esmolol
D. Metoprolol

A

C. Esmolol

34
Q

Which antiarrhythmic would you avoid if you are concerned about bronchoconstrictive effects?

A. Propranolol
B. Atenolol
C. Esmolol
D. Metoprolol

A

A. Propranolol

non selective Beta blocker

can cause bronchoconstriction (B2 antagonist)

35
Q

What is the main use of esmolol?

A

short term tx of SVT or to determine id beta blockers are effective for controlling the arrhythmia

36
Q

Main use of carvedilol?

A

useful in heart failure to treat DCM

37
Q

When are calcium channel blockers indicated?

A

Only for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

(Diltiazem)

38
Q

What are the contraindications of Diltiazem use?

A
  • Don’t use if pulmonary edema is present
  • Dont use is already hypotensive
  • Must give IV formulation slowly
39
Q

Main use of Sotalol?

A

Oral formulation to manage ventricular tachyarrhythmias

40
Q

Atrial standstill due to severe hyperkalemia can be treated with what drugs?

A
  • IV calcium gluconate
  • IV sodium bicarb
  • dextrose
  • insulin
41
Q

What drugs can be used to treat 2nd degree AV block?

A
  • Atropine response test
  • Isoproterenol
  • Theophylline
  • Glucagon
42
Q

What drugs can be used to treat sinus bradycardia?

A
  1. Atropine
  2. Glycopyrrolate

(PNS-lytics)

43
Q

Which of the following antiarrhythmics would be best to give to a cat with HCM secondary to hyperthyroidism?

A. Sotalol
B. Propanolol
C. Enalapril
D. Lidocaine

A

B. Propanolol

44
Q

Main uses of atenolol?

A
  • Tx of hypertension and tachyarrhythmias
  • Tx of subaortic stenosis
  • Safer in patients with bronchoconstrictive dz
45
Q

Which of the following beta blockers can be used to treat both ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias?

A

Metoprolol

46
Q

When are beta blockers contraindicated?

A
  • Not used in cases of heart failure, pulmonary edema or CHF
47
Q

Which of the following is a selective beta adrenergic antagonist?

A. Quinidine
B. Atenolol
C. Carvedilol
D. Sotalol

A

B. Atenolol

48
Q

Which of the following is least appropriate to use for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias?

A. Mexilitine
B. Sotalol
C. Amiodarone
D. Diltiazem

A

D. Diltiazem

49
Q

What 2 drugs are used for atrial fibrillation in small animals?

A

Diltiazem and Digoxin

50
Q

Which of the following antiarrhythmics comes in an extended release formulation that has a risk for overdose and lethal toxicity?

A

Diltiazem

51
Q

Main uses of magnesium sulfate IV?

A
  • Tx of refractory ventricular arrhythmias
  • Tx of malignant hyperthermia
  • Tetanus in dogs (NM blocking activity)

pharm II (23 decks)

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