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Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacologic diuresis is mainly used to treat _______

A

edema

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2
Q

Diuretics are more effective at treating (localized/generalized) edema

A

Localized

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3
Q

Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

B. Furosemide

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4
Q

Which of the following would you NOT choose to treat pulmonary edema due to CHF?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

A. Mannitol

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5
Q

Which of the following is an osmotic diuretic?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

A. Mannitol

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6
Q

Which of the following is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone

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7
Q

Which of the following is a carbonic-anhydrase inhibitor?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

E. Acetazolamide

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8
Q

Main uses of mannitol?

A
  • Cerebral edema (high ICP)
  • Glaucoma (high IOP)
  • Promote renal BF during anesthesia
  • Tx of ureteral obstruction
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9
Q

Which of the following diuretics is administered IV using a hemonate filter?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

A. Mannitol

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10
Q

Which of the following is the DOC for treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to CHF?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

B. Furosemide

(loop diuretic)

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11
Q

Which of the following inhibits Na/K/Cl symporter in the ascending limb of the loop of henle?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

B. Furosemide (loop diuretic)

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12
Q

Furosemide has a _______ onset of action, and a ______ duration of action

A

Rapid onset, short duration of action

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13
Q

What is the most effective diuretic?
A. Potassium sparing
B. Loop diuretic
C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
D. Osmotic diuretic

A

B. Loop diuretic (Furosemide)

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14
Q

Which of the following diuretics can be used to treat exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses?

A

Furosemide (loop diuretic)

Na/K/Cl symport inhibitor in the ascending limb of loop of henle

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15
Q

Which of the following diuretics inhibits the NaCl symporter in the DCT?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine (Thiazide diuretic)

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16
Q

Which of the following is contraindicated in hypercalcemic patients?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine (Thiazide diuretic)

**favors reabsorption of Ca+ in the DCT)

17
Q

Which of the following is used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidis (NDI)?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine

18
Q

Which of the following is used to treat calcium nephrolithiasis?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine

19
Q

Which of the following diuretics is used to treat hyperaldosteronism?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

20
Q

Which of the following diuretics is contraindicated in patients with Addisons dz?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone
(Addisons = hypoadrenocortisolism)

(competitive aldosterone antagonist, potassium sparing diuretic)

21
Q

Which of the following diuretics can cause both hyperkalemia and systemic acidosis?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

22
Q

Which of the following diuretics has adverse effects on reproduction due to its action on progesterone and androgen receptors?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

23
Q

Which of the following diuretics is a competitive aldosterone antagonist in the DCT and CD?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone

(potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

24
Q

Which diuretics are labeled for ophthalmic use of open angle glaucoma?

A
  1. Dorzolamide
  2. Brinzolamide

(carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

25
Which of the following has very weak systemic diuretic effects? A. Potassium sparing B. Loop diuretic C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors D. Osmotic diuretic
C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide)
26
All of the following diuretics have a risk of causing hypokalemia, EXCEPT? A. Mannitol B. Furosemide C. Hydrochlorothiazine D. Spironolactone E. Acetazolamide
D. Spironolactone (Potassium sparing, can cause HYPERkalemia)
27
Spironolactone has a ______ onset of action and a ______ duration of action
Slow onset, long duration of action
28
Which of the following diuretics inhibits the exchange of hydrogen for sodium in the PCT? A. Mannitol B. Furosemide C. Hydrochlorothiazine D. Spironolactone E. Acetazolamide
E. Acetazolamide (cabonic anhydrase inhibitor)
29
What diuretics can cause metabolic acidosis?
1. Spironolactone (potassium sparing) 2. Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, brinzolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
30
Which drug is paired incorrectly with its effects on electrolyte balance? A. Furosemide - hypoatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia B. Hydrochlorthiazide - hypoatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia C. Acetazolamide - hypoatremia, hypokalemia D. Spironolactone - hypoatremia, hyperkalemia
B. Hydrochlorthiazide - hypoatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia **Favors absorption of Ca+, causes hypercalcemia**
31
What is the MOA of furosemide?
Na/K/Cl inhibition at the ALOH (loop diuretic)
32
What is the MOA of hydrochlorthiazide?
Na/Cl symporter inhibition at the DCT (aldosterone antagonist)
33
Which of the following diuretics can be used to treat hypercalcemia? A. Mannitol B. Furosemide C. Hydrochlorothiazine D. Spironolactone E. Acetazolamide
B. Furosemide (loop diuretic)
34
Precautions of using mannitol?
- Risk of dehydration and renal injury is pre-existing volume deficit **only give to euhydrated patients**
35

pharm II (23 decks)

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