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pharm II > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacologic diuresis is mainly used to treat _______

A

edema

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2
Q

Diuretics are more effective at treating (localized/generalized) edema

A

Localized

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3
Q

Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

B. Furosemide

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4
Q

Which of the following would you NOT choose to treat pulmonary edema due to CHF?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

A. Mannitol

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5
Q

Which of the following is an osmotic diuretic?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

A. Mannitol

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6
Q

Which of the following is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone

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7
Q

Which of the following is a carbonic-anhydrase inhibitor?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

E. Acetazolamide

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8
Q

Main uses of mannitol?

A
  • Cerebral edema (high ICP)
  • Glaucoma (high IOP)
  • Promote renal BF during anesthesia
  • Tx of ureteral obstruction
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9
Q

Which of the following diuretics is administered IV using a hemonate filter?
A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

A. Mannitol

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10
Q

Which of the following is the DOC for treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to CHF?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

B. Furosemide

(loop diuretic)

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11
Q

Which of the following inhibits Na/K/Cl symporter in the ascending limb of the loop of henle?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

B. Furosemide (loop diuretic)

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12
Q

Furosemide has a _______ onset of action, and a ______ duration of action

A

Rapid onset, short duration of action

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13
Q

What is the most effective diuretic?
A. Potassium sparing
B. Loop diuretic
C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
D. Osmotic diuretic

A

B. Loop diuretic (Furosemide)

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14
Q

Which of the following diuretics can be used to treat exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses?

A

Furosemide (loop diuretic)

Na/K/Cl symport inhibitor in the ascending limb of loop of henle

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15
Q

Which of the following diuretics inhibits the NaCl symporter in the DCT?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine (Thiazide diuretic)

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16
Q

Which of the following is contraindicated in hypercalcemic patients?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine (Thiazide diuretic)

**favors reabsorption of Ca+ in the DCT)

17
Q

Which of the following is used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidis (NDI)?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine

18
Q

Which of the following is used to treat calcium nephrolithiasis?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

C. Hydrochlorothiazine

19
Q

Which of the following diuretics is used to treat hyperaldosteronism?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

20
Q

Which of the following diuretics is contraindicated in patients with Addisons dz?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone
(Addisons = hypoadrenocortisolism)

(competitive aldosterone antagonist, potassium sparing diuretic)

21
Q

Which of the following diuretics can cause both hyperkalemia and systemic acidosis?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

22
Q

Which of the following diuretics has adverse effects on reproduction due to its action on progesterone and androgen receptors?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

23
Q

Which of the following diuretics is a competitive aldosterone antagonist in the DCT and CD?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone

(potassium sparing diuretic, competitive aldosterone antagonist)

24
Q

Which diuretics are labeled for ophthalmic use of open angle glaucoma?

A
  1. Dorzolamide
  2. Brinzolamide

(carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

25
Q

Which of the following has very weak systemic diuretic effects?
A. Potassium sparing
B. Loop diuretic
C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
D. Osmotic diuretic

A

C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

(Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide)

26
Q

All of the following diuretics have a risk of causing hypokalemia, EXCEPT?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

D. Spironolactone (Potassium sparing, can cause HYPERkalemia)

27
Q

Spironolactone has a ______ onset of action and a ______ duration of action

A

Slow onset, long duration of action

28
Q

Which of the following diuretics inhibits the exchange of hydrogen for sodium in the PCT?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

E. Acetazolamide (cabonic anhydrase inhibitor)

29
Q

What diuretics can cause metabolic acidosis?

A
  1. Spironolactone (potassium sparing)
  2. Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, brinzolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
30
Q

Which drug is paired incorrectly with its effects on electrolyte balance?

A. Furosemide - hypoatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia

B. Hydrochlorthiazide - hypoatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia

C. Acetazolamide - hypoatremia, hypokalemia

D. Spironolactone - hypoatremia, hyperkalemia

A

B. Hydrochlorthiazide - hypoatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia

Favors absorption of Ca+, causes hypercalcemia

31
Q

What is the MOA of furosemide?

A

Na/K/Cl inhibition at the ALOH

(loop diuretic)

32
Q

What is the MOA of hydrochlorthiazide?

A

Na/Cl symporter inhibition at the DCT

(aldosterone antagonist)

33
Q

Which of the following diuretics can be used to treat hypercalcemia?

A. Mannitol
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazine
D. Spironolactone
E. Acetazolamide

A

B. Furosemide (loop diuretic)

34
Q

Precautions of using mannitol?

A
  • Risk of dehydration and renal injury is pre-existing volume deficit

only give to euhydrated patients

35
Q
A

pharm II (23 decks)

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